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| View Larger Image | The Deep Hot Biosphere : The Myth of Fossil Fuels
by Thomas Gold
by Freeman Dyson
| | List Price: | $20.00 | | Price: | $13.60 | | You Save: | $6.40 (32%) |  | | Available: | Usually ships in 24 hours | | | | | Sales Rank: | 125396 | | Studio: | Springer | | | Binding: | Paperback | | Number Of Pages: | 264 | | Publication Date: | May 18, 2001 | | Publisher: | Springer |
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EDITORIAL REVIEWS |
Product Description
Suppose someone claimed that we are not running out of petroleum? Or that life on Earth began below the surface of our planet? Or that oil and gas are not "fossil fuels"? Or that if we find extraterrestrial life it is likely to be within, not on, other planets? You might expect to hear statements like these from an author of science fiction. But what if they came from a renowned physicist, an indisputably brilliant scientist who has been called "one of the world's most original minds"? In the The Deep Hot Biosphere, Thomas Gold sets forth truly controversial and astonishing theories about where oil and gas come from, and how they acquire their organic "signatures." The conclusions he reaches in this book might be at first difficult to believe, but they are supported by a growing body of evidence, and by the indisputabel stature and seriousness Gold brings to any scientific enterprise. In this book we see a brilliant and boldly orginal thinker, increasingly a rarity in modern science, as he developes a revolutionary new view about the fundamental workings of our planet. Thomas Gold is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and an Emertius Professor at Cornell University. Regarded as one of the most creative and wide-ranging scientists of his generation, he has taughtat Cambridge University and Harvard, and for 20 years was the Director of the Cornell Center for Radiophysics and Space Research. |
CUSTOMER REVIEWS (Average Customer Rating: 4.5 based on 30 reviews)
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Great Book about so called "Fossil Fuels" 
This book provides a good starting place for the exploration of the myths about the original
formation of the materials commonly called "Fossil Fuels", that is petroleum and
black coal. The change of assumptions discussed here alters many things, including the understanding
of the geo-politics of oil and energy. Gold is a smart cookie and after you read the book
you will see that an open minded astronomer would be a logical candidate to understand
and develop this theory. New only to many western minds. The Russians have worked on this
for a long time and their knowledge was the seed germ for Gold's work here. Worth the time to read. dxr
June 25, 2008 | |
The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels
This book provides a logical and comprehensive explanation of how petroleum hydrocarbons are formed deep in the earth's mantle and migrate upwards to form gas and crude oil fields and coal measures nearer the earth's surface. It coroborates what russian petroleum geologists have known and applied for many years where they drill wells up to 13 km deep to tap crude oil nearer its source and far below where any surface biota could have been buried. Gold demonstrates that the theory of a biogenic origin of petroleum is wrong and cannot be sustained in the light of new information that is now available.
June 11, 2008 | |
Author Gold interviewed on Radio Free America by Tom V;Evolution takes another body blow! Does away with the 'fossel-fuel' myth! 
Author Thomas Gold was born in England, but
grew up in the United States. This book proves
once and for all the myth about the 'fossel-
fuels' is bunk, just like Evolution. One of
Tom's most important interviews to date. Pick
up on any Radio Free America or Radio Liberty
cassettes while they are still out there. Radio
Liberty also available on CDs. Highly recommended!
April 30, 2008 | |
Abiogenic petroleum origin
1. Pores within rock, like cells within living organisms, can be maintained at very high pressures, sol long as the fluid that occupies the pores or cell exerts an outward pressure as great as the opposing pressure of the surroundings.
2. Under the abiogenic theory, if oil and gas are flowing upwards from deep high pressure levels any caprock. No rock has a significant tensile strength, so no rock can hold down a flue that comes up with a pressure greater than that exerted by the weight of the overburden. A caprock will create a concentration of the fluids below it, but he steady flow rate will eventually be reestablished at a value equal to the flow rate at the deep source. For example, a dam causes a lake to form on the upstream side, but after the lake has filled, the flow rate rate resumes.
3. If oil and gas have indeed come up from below, we can expect a vertical series of deeper reservoirs to be stacked below the producing field.
4. If the uppermost domain has fluid pressure decreased by production of oil or gas, then the pressure differential across the crushed layer of low permeability will automatically increase. Transport through that layer will therefore accelerate. The top field will be replenished at a rate given by the leakage from below, when the delicate pressure balance between rock and fluid has been change. The top field will be drawing on the deeper reserves that have not been accessed directly.
5. Petroleum reservoirs seem to refill themselves, noteably in the Middle East and the US Gulf Coast.
6. The abiogenic theory of petroleum formation presumes that an enormous source of primordial hydrocarbons (created a the time of the planet formation) resides in the upper mantle and lower crust-far deeper than can be drilled and sampled directly (30-100km).
7. Seven evidences of abiogenic theory are: First, reservoirs of petroleum, including various gaseous forms such as methane and ethane, are frequently found in geographical patterns of long lines or arces extending for hundres or even thousands of kilometers. Second, Koudryavtsev's rule states Hydrocarbon-rich areas tend tobe hydrocarbon-rich at all lower leels, corresponding to quite different geological epochs, and extending down to the crystalline basement that underlines the segment. Third, methane is found in many locations where biogenic explanations for its presence is improbable or where biological deposits seem inadequate to account for the size and extent of the methane resource. Fouth, hydrocarbond deposits of a large area often show common chemical features regardless of the varied composition or the geological ages of the formations in which they are found. Fifth, a numberof hydrocarbon reservoirs seem to be refilling as they are exploited for commercial production. Sixth, the distribution of large amounts of carbonate rock in the upper crust and the isotopic composition of the carbon atoms within it argue against the theory of a a surface biological origin of most of the buried hydrocarbons. Seventh, the clear, well-established regional associations of hydrocarbons with the chemically inert gaseous element helium have no explanation in the theories of a biological origin of petroleum.
8. It use to be thought that temperatures about 600C would dissociate the simplest and most heat resistent hydrocarbons, methane CH4, and that temperatures as low as 300C were sufficient to destroy most of the heavy hydrocarbon components of natural petroleum, at a few tens of kilometers of crust. In 1980, E.B Chekalium indicated in a publication that methane would resist complete dissocation down to a depth of 300 kilometers, except in volcanic regions where temperatures approached 2000C. Chekalium believed that methane could exitence at a maxium depth of 600 kilometers.
9. According to molten earth theory, the earth was formed as a hot body, a liquid ball of rock, and cooled forming a crust overlying a homogeneous mantle. In such a history, no primordial hydrocarbons could have survived the molten state.
10. Today, Scientist believe the earth and other inner planets and the satellites of the outer planets, all accreted as solid boids from solids that had condensed from a gaseous planetary disk. The heat that melted the mantle was caused from radioactive material and gravitational compression. The earth must hve been subjected to only a partial melt. Hydrocarbons were a a common constituent of the accreting earth.
11. If the gases ascend in region of magma, then chemical equilibrium between the hydrocarbons and magma would be approached, and this would usually favor formation of the hydrocarbon gases. Thus it is no surprise that volcanoes generally emit carbon main in the form of CO2, with only minor amounts as methane CH4.
12. Astronomical techniques have thus produced clear and indisputable evidence that hydrocarbons are major constituents of bodies great and small within our solar system. The greatest quantity is found in the massive out planets and their satellites. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune have large admixturers of hydrocarbons in their atmospheres.
13. The abiogenic theory holds that hydrocarbons were a component of the material that formed the earth, through accretion of solids, some 4.5 billion years ago.
14. In a violent eruption there will not be the small bubbles that come up at quiet times; instead there will be large plumes of gas, racing upward through the molten rock.
15. At the temperatures and pressures on or near the earth's surface, some hydrocarbons are solid (coal), some are liquid (crude oil), and some are in the vapor state (natural gas).
16. In 1996, indigenous microbes found from an oil well in Alaska at a depth of 4.2 kilometers and a temperature of 110C.
17. In 1997, microbial fossils where discovered in granite rock at a depth of 200 meters.
18. 1991, at a dept of 5.2 kilometers in Sweden microbes were detected where drilling in solid granitic bedrock. A sample was taken and cultured in a laboratory. The anaerobic microbes would only reproduce in a temperature range from 60C to 70C.
19. At 2.25 kilometers the critical point is reached. Here the pressure is so great that no matter what the temperature, there is no distinction between vapor and liquid. It is appropriate to refer to water beyond the critical point as existing as fluid, specially a super critical fluid. Temperature increase at a rate of 15C and 30C per kilometer of depth in non-volcanic regions.
20. Greater density means that methane is actually easier for life to access at depth. At six kilometers methane is 400 time more dense. 21. Higher temperatures that coincide with greater depth escalate the rate at which methane molecules collide with the cell membranes of microbes. Both factors enhance the rate at which methane would be expected to diffuse across waxy cell membranes. Deep is desirable to assist methane consumers in accessing their food.
21. there are two sources of oygen atoms that are loosely bound: Fe2 03 Iron oxide and SO2 oxidized sulfer. Sulfate (SO4) is the second most abundant ion of negative charge in seawater.
April 07, 2008 | |
Decades of Oil Company Lies
Running out of oil?? Hardley!!! The earth PRODUCES oil...............ongoing!! We will never run out. Read this Great book.
February 10, 2008 | |
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