| View Larger Image | Soil moisture effects on infectivity and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema scarabaei, S. glaseri, Heterorhabditis zealandica, and ... [An article from: Applied Soil Ecology] | Digitalby A.M. Koppenhofer (Author), E.M. Fuzy (Author)
| List Price: | $10.95 | | | Available: | Available for download now |
| | Binding: | Digital | | Publisher: | Elsevier | | Publication Date: | January 01, 2007 |
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Product Description
This digital document is a journal article from Applied Soil Ecology, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.Description: We tested the effect of soil moisture on the performance of four entomopathogenic nematodes species that have recently shown promise for the control of white grubs, i.e., Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, H. zealandica, Steinernema scarabaei, and S. glaseri. Experiments for all four nematodes were conducted in sandy loam, for S. scarabaei also in loamy sand and silt loam. Infectivity was tested by exposing third-instar Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica, to nematodes in laboratory experiments and determining nematode establishment in the larvae and larval mortality. Nematode infectivity was the highest at moderate soil moistures (-10 to -100kPa), and tended to be lower in wet (-1kPa) and moderately dry (-1000kPa) soil. In dry soil (-3000kPa), only S. scarabaei showed some activity. S. scarabaei was active from -1 to -3000kPa in all soil types but the range of highest activity was wider in loamy sand (-1 to -1000kPa) than in loamy sand and silt loam (-10 to -100kPa). Persistence was determined in laboratory experiments by baiting nematode-inoculated soil with larvae of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella. For both Heterorhabditis spp. persistence was short at -10kPa, improved slightly at -100kPa, significantly at -1000kPa, and was the highest at -3000kPa. Both Steinernema spp. persisted very well at -10kPa. However, S. glaseri persistence was the shortest at -10kPa but did not differ significantly at -100 to -3000kPa, whereas S. scarabaei persistence was not affected by soil moisture. Our observations concur with previous observations on the effect of soil moisture on entomopathogenic nematodes but also show that moisture ranges for infectivity and persistence vary among species. Differences among species may be based on differences in size and behavioral and physiological adaptations. |
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