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Update on SARS at FEMS Congress
June 24, 2003Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome represents only one of a series of new diseases caused by organisms grouped under the general title 'emerging pathogens'. Others will also be described and discussed at the 1st FEMS Congress of European Microbiologists at Ljubljana, Slovenia, June 29 - July 3, 2003.
Several new haemorrhagic fever viruses will be described as well as a newly discovered paramyxovirus isolated from children in the Netherlands that causes respiratory tract disease and pneumonia.
The SARS virus is of particular concern now because of the rapid spread of infection and the relatively high mortality following in its wake.
The SARS syndrome was first brought to the notice of the World Health Organisation by Dr Carlo Urbani, an Italian epidemiologist, and member of Médecins sans Frontie'res, working in the Far East who himself succumbed to SARS-related pneumonia and died in Bangkok in March this year.
Although the vast majority of SARS cases (over 85%) have been recorded in China, where the epidemic started, it has already spread to 26 countries and more than 5000 cases and 300 deaths had occurred by early May. In Singapore the mortality was as high as 10%, but because of difficulties in recording cases and of uncertainty of diagnosis in the early months of the epidemic the true figures are unclear.
The syndrome starts with flu-like symptoms of raised temperature followed by chills, headache and body ache, followed by a dry cough and respiratory problems 2 to 7 days later. A severe pneumonia ensues in a proportion of patients.
The causative agent was rapidly isolated and identified as a coronavirus related to the common cold, and the entire RNA sequence of the genome has been determined, opening the way for directed vaccine development. Equally, under the impetus of the WHO a polymer chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic test has been developed and is commercially available. The sensitivity of this test, however, is not as high as hoped and tests should be performed on at least two samples or on two occasions for confirmation of a positive result. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is also available for use by competent laboratories but specific antibodies appear only after about 10 days.
In the absence of positive evidence it has been assumed that the virus has crossed the species boundary by mutation of a coronavirus normally infecting domestic or farm animals. The most probable route of infection is by exhaled droplets, but some evidence exists for spread by faeces-contaminated water sources. The infective dose is not known nor the degree of susceptibility to infection or whether, like flu virus, it will show mutational instability perhaps leading to even more virulent future outbreaks.
The search for effective vaccines has already begun and we hope to have news on this and other aspects of the epidemic during the Congress. Professor Raymond Auckenthaler of the University Hospital, Geneva, will trace the history of 'Coronaviruses from Common Cold to SARS' and Professor Herbert Schmitz of the University of Hamburg will present an update on the 'Diagnosis of SARS Coronavirus Infection'.
Cankarjev dom
The SARS syndrome was first brought to the notice of the World Health Organisation by Dr Carlo Urbani, an Italian epidemiologist, and member of Médecins sans Frontie'res, working in the Far East who himself succumbed to SARS-related pneumonia and died in Bangkok in March this year.
Although the vast majority of SARS cases (over 85%) have been recorded in China, where the epidemic started, it has already spread to 26 countries and more than 5000 cases and 300 deaths had occurred by early May. In Singapore the mortality was as high as 10%, but because of difficulties in recording cases and of uncertainty of diagnosis in the early months of the epidemic the true figures are unclear.
The syndrome starts with flu-like symptoms of raised temperature followed by chills, headache and body ache, followed by a dry cough and respiratory problems 2 to 7 days later. A severe pneumonia ensues in a proportion of patients.
The causative agent was rapidly isolated and identified as a coronavirus related to the common cold, and the entire RNA sequence of the genome has been determined, opening the way for directed vaccine development. Equally, under the impetus of the WHO a polymer chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic test has been developed and is commercially available. The sensitivity of this test, however, is not as high as hoped and tests should be performed on at least two samples or on two occasions for confirmation of a positive result. An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is also available for use by competent laboratories but specific antibodies appear only after about 10 days.
In the absence of positive evidence it has been assumed that the virus has crossed the species boundary by mutation of a coronavirus normally infecting domestic or farm animals. The most probable route of infection is by exhaled droplets, but some evidence exists for spread by faeces-contaminated water sources. The infective dose is not known nor the degree of susceptibility to infection or whether, like flu virus, it will show mutational instability perhaps leading to even more virulent future outbreaks.
The search for effective vaccines has already begun and we hope to have news on this and other aspects of the epidemic during the Congress. Professor Raymond Auckenthaler of the University Hospital, Geneva, will trace the history of 'Coronaviruses from Common Cold to SARS' and Professor Herbert Schmitz of the University of Hamburg will present an update on the 'Diagnosis of SARS Coronavirus Infection'.
Cankarjev dom
Pneumonia Current Events and Pneumonia News RSSPrioritizing low-cost, simple health measures would save 2.5 million child lives a year
Almost a third of the children under age five who die each year could be saved if governments rebalance health spending to ensure low-cost, simple interventions such as safe water and hygiene, bed nets and basic maternal and newborn care, leading aid agency World Vision said today. Currently, 8.8 million children a year die before age five, most of preventable causes.
Fewer emergency patients seen within recommended time frame
One in four emergency department patients in 2006 waited longer to be evaluated by a clinician than recommended at triage, an increase from one in five in 1997.
Possible help in fight against muscle-wasting disease
A compound already used to treat pneumonia could become a new therapy for an inherited muscular wasting disease, according to researchers at the University of Oregon and the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry in New York.
Henry Ford Hospital study: A MRSA strain linked to high death rates
A strain of MRSA that causes bloodstream infections is five times more lethal than other strains and has shown to have some resistance to the potent antibiotic drug vancomycin used to treat MRSA, according to a Henry Ford Hospital study.
Commentary warns of unexpected consequences of proton pump inhibitor use in reflux disease
Despite being highly effective and beneficial for many patients, unexpected consequences are emerging in patients who are prescribed proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for reflux diseases.
Scientists discover influenza's Achilles heel: Antioxidants
As the nation copes with a shortage of vaccines for H1N1 influenza, a team of Alabama researchers have raised hopes that they have found an Achilles' heel for all strains of the flu-antioxidants.
Lessons from flu seasons past
Pregnant women who catch the flu are at serious risk for flu-related complications, including death, and that risk far outweighs the risk of possible side effects from injectable vaccines containing killed virus, according to an extensive review of published research and data from previous flu seasons.
Older Patients with Dementia at Increased Risk for Flu Mortality
An epidemiological study on pneumonia and influenza (P&I) in adults age 65 and over reports that patients with dementia are diagnosed with flu less frequently, have shorter hospital stays, and have a fifty percent higher rate of death than those without dementia.
OMRF scientists discover promising new path for treating traumas
A discovery by scientists at the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation could help save lives threatened by traumatic injuries like those sustained in car crashes or on the battlefield. The work also holds potential for treating severe infectious diseases and diabetes.
Scientists create NICE solution to pneumonia vaccine testing problems
Medical clinics the world over could benefit from new software* created at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), where a team of scientists has found a way to improve the efficiency of a pneumonia vaccine testing method developed at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB).
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