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Lapis Lazuli as blue unexpected pigment in Iran L'˘jvardina ceramics
April 15, 2003Blue colour has always attracted people. To date United Nations and Europa flags are blue ! The blue colour is rather rare in nature; blue-green is more frequent. The main "true blue" mineral is lazurite, an aluminosilicate belonging to the sodalite group, associated with some other minerals (diposide, quartz, calcite, pyrite to form the lapis lazuli rock.
Lazurite was the main source of blue for jewellery in the past. Precious items were first manufactured with lapis lazuli in Egypt, Mesopotamia and China. Mines were rare and the main part of the production was extracted from the mountains of Sar-e-Sang, Badakhshan, Afghanistan. In many places along the Silk Road from Tokaristan to China, Sassanide or Buddhist frescoes used lapis lazuli as blue pigment for sky and clothes. Around the 10th century, very large surfaces of Christian Georgian and Armenian churches; this mineral was used on frescoes. Most of the blue décor of the European Middle-Age and Islamic world enluminures and paintings were decorated with lapis lazuli as the blue pigment .Old alchemists reported on the pottery technology like the famous reports of Ab'»'l Q'˘sim K'˘sh'˘ni. To date their mention of the use of l'˘jvard to glaze pottery was interpreted as the route to imitate the l'˘jvard and to obtain the same colour.Raman analysis of an ancient ewer (Iran, 13th century) belonging to the L'˘jvardina blue glazed ceramics shows that the ultramarine colour results from the unexpected deposit of a lazurite-rich slip at the interface between the body and a cobalt-containing lime-rich glaze.This demonstrates the potential of Raman microspectrometry in the understanding of the ancient technology.
CNRS Institut des Sciences Chimiques Seine-Amont
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