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Crossing paths in plants
March 26, 2003On Monday 31 March ecologists will meet with molecular biologists at the University of Southampton for the most novel and broad-ranging scientific session of its kind. They will present findings in Session C5/P3 which show that the biochemical pathways which influence a plant's response to stimuli such as attack, disease or other stresses are not mutually exclusive as previously thought. For example, up until recently the two separate signalling pathways in plants which respond independently to disease (caused by microorganisms and pathogens) and to wounding (by herbivores) were believed to be completely separate. Now biologists know that these pathways talk to each other in a process known as 'signalling cross-talk'.
These findings, which are being investigated at the molecular level, show that the stimuli which switch on the genes for the salicylic acid pathway (for disease) can also switch on the genes of the jasmonate pathway (for wounding). This has important implications for plant physiologists and ecologists who, up till now, have been breeding plants and applying external chemicals such as pesticides and stimulants on the basis that each pathway is distinct. Now they are investigating whether there are detrimental effects on a plant's health or productivity if all factors are not considered; for example, plants bred or engineered for salt tolerance or drought resistance may be less able to resist disease or herbivorous attack.
Dr Jian-Kang Zhu (Arizona), who will be speaking at the meeting, has identified cross-talk between pathways for salt, drought and cold tolerance. The FIERY1 gene regulates all three pathways, and mutations in FIERY1 simultaneously affect gene induction by salt, drought and cold stresses. The cross-talk in the gene induction implies that by manipulating one stress tolerance pathway you can affect or even confer tolerance to salt, drought and cold stresses.
Society for Experimental Biology
Society for Experimental Biology
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Substances naturally produced by the human body may one day help prevent paralysis following a spinal cord injury, according to researchers at Weill Cornell Medical College. A recent $2.5 million grant from the New York State Spinal Cord Injury Research Board will fund their research investigating this possibility.
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But women may not have to endure the medical costs, stress and potential complications that accompany such invasive biopsies forever. A University of Florida biomedical engineering researcher is making progress on an "optical biopsy" that has the potential to determine whether growths are cancerous without ever puncturing the skin.
Use of cannabinoids (marijuana) could help post-traumatic stress disorder patients
Use of cannabinoids (marijuana) could assist in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder patients. This is exposed in a new study carried out at the Learning and Memory Lab in the University of Haifa's Department of Psychology.
Estrogen therapy likely must be given soon after menopause to provide stroke protection
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Discrimination takes its toll on Black women
Racial discrimination is a major threat to African American women's mental health. It undermines their view of themselves as masters of their own life circumstances and makes them less psychologically resilient and more prone to depression.
Hybrid bluegrasses analyzed for use in transition zone
The transition zone can be one of the most challenging places to maintain high-quality turfgrass; changeable growing conditions in these regions often prove too hot for some grasses and too cold for others. Finding turfgrass that thrives in these challenging environments can be perplexing for turf management professionals and homeowners alike.
Common plants can eliminate indoor air pollutants
Air quality in homes, offices, and other indoor spaces is becoming a major health concern, particularly in developed countries where people often spend more than 90% of their time indoors.
Common Pain Relievers May Dilute Power of Flu Shots
With flu vaccination season in full swing, research from the University of Rochester Medical Center cautions that use of many common pain killers - Advil, Tylenol, aspirin - at the time of injection may blunt the effect of the shot and have a negative effect on the immune system.
For African violets, 'hands off' means healthier
African violets have a mixed reputation. Their delicate, colorful flowers and furry, soft leaves make them a favorite among home gardeners and growers. But the striking plants are often regarded as temperamental: a precise recipe of light, moisture, warm temperatures, high humidity, and fertilizer is required to encourage african violets to grow and flower.
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