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Study Suggests Weight Fluctuation Does Not Increase the Risk of Death in Men
December 06, 2002Weight loss and weight fluctuation, also known as weight cycling, does not appear to increase the risk of death in men, according to an article in the December issue of The Archives of Internal Medicine, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
The health consequences of being overweight or obese have been well-documented, and it is suggested that those who are overweight or obese should lose weight through diet and exercise, according to background information in the article. Several previous studies have suggested that individuals who have fluctuating weights, with weight loss followed by weight gain (perhaps due to diet failures), have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of death in general.
S. Goya Wannamethee, Ph.D., of the Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, and colleagues examined the relationship between weight change and weight cycling in 5,608 middle aged British men during a 12- to 14-year period of observation and their death rates during the subsequent eight years.
During the 8 year follow up period, there were 943 deaths from all causes, with 458 cardiovascular disease (CVD) related deaths and 485 non-CVD related deaths. Men with stable weight or no weight gain had the lowest CVD and non-CVD death rates. Men with sustained weight loss or weight fluctuation (gain-loss or loss-gain) showed a significantly higher risk of death than participants with stable weights even after the researchers adjusted for lifestyle variables. When the researchers adjusted for or excluded men with preexisting disease, the risk of CVD-related and overall mortality rates in participants with sustained weight loss or weight cycling was lower. Recent ex-smokers showed the most marked increase in mortality associated with sustained weight loss.
"In the present study, men with sustained weight loss or weight fluctuation (cycling) showed a significantly increased risk of total and CVD mortality. These men had the highest prevalence of preexisting disease," write the authors. "Adjustment for CVD risk factors and preexisting disease in multivariate analysis attenuated the increased risk, although it still remained significantly increased."
The authors conclude: "The present study and the findings from other recent studies strongly suggest that the increased risk of mortality associated with weight loss, intentional or unintentional, and sometimes involving weight cycling, is determined to a major extent by disadvantageous lifestyle factors and preexisting disease. There is no firm evidence that weight loss or weight fluctuation in otherwise healthy individuals is hazardous, and authorities should continue to encourage and facilitate healthy eating and regular moderate physical activity toward the prevention and management of overweight and obesity."
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)
During the 8 year follow up period, there were 943 deaths from all causes, with 458 cardiovascular disease (CVD) related deaths and 485 non-CVD related deaths. Men with stable weight or no weight gain had the lowest CVD and non-CVD death rates. Men with sustained weight loss or weight fluctuation (gain-loss or loss-gain) showed a significantly higher risk of death than participants with stable weights even after the researchers adjusted for lifestyle variables. When the researchers adjusted for or excluded men with preexisting disease, the risk of CVD-related and overall mortality rates in participants with sustained weight loss or weight cycling was lower. Recent ex-smokers showed the most marked increase in mortality associated with sustained weight loss.
"In the present study, men with sustained weight loss or weight fluctuation (cycling) showed a significantly increased risk of total and CVD mortality. These men had the highest prevalence of preexisting disease," write the authors. "Adjustment for CVD risk factors and preexisting disease in multivariate analysis attenuated the increased risk, although it still remained significantly increased."
The authors conclude: "The present study and the findings from other recent studies strongly suggest that the increased risk of mortality associated with weight loss, intentional or unintentional, and sometimes involving weight cycling, is determined to a major extent by disadvantageous lifestyle factors and preexisting disease. There is no firm evidence that weight loss or weight fluctuation in otherwise healthy individuals is hazardous, and authorities should continue to encourage and facilitate healthy eating and regular moderate physical activity toward the prevention and management of overweight and obesity."
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA)
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