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The Lancet Oncology
October 02, 2002CLEAR SKIES NOT SO CLEAN
This months Leading Edge editorial examines the recently published US Environmental Protection Agency`s (EPA) 10-year in-the-making report on the toxic effects of diesel exhaust fumes from large vehicles. The report-which showed that large cities are heavily polluted with emissions that are associated with increased risk of lung cancer-has clear public-health implications for a political administration that does not appear to giving a high priority to environmental issues.
The editorial comments: 'The development of effective environmental policies should be a priority for all governments. Healthcare professionals are in great need of solid evidence-based policies rather than legislation based on economic or qualitative criteria. When a report with the strength of the EPA study presents persuasive quantitative evidence, the benefits of any resultant policies should be patently obvious and viewed as an integral part of healthcare provision, rather than isolated environmental issues.'
HORMONAL RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER - IDENTIFICATION, CHEMOPREVENTION, AND OTHER PREVENTION STRATEGIES
Breast cancer is a leading cause of female illness and death worldwide. Many hormonal and genetic risk factors have been identified and have led to the development of mathematical models that can be used in the clinic to give a woman an estimate of her individual risk of developing breast cancer. These models can also be used to identify women who might benefit from breast-cancer chemoprevention with tamoxifen or be suitable for entry into trials with new agents. This review article discusses two mathematical models (the Gale model and the Clause model) and their relative strengths in identifying a woman's breast-cancer risk. The Claus model is based mainly on family history, whereas the Gail model also includes simple markers of oestrogen exposure. The authors also explore more sophisticated measures of lifetime oestrogen exposure that can be used to improve the discriminatory ability of these models; they also appraise the four trials of breast-cancer chemoprevention, including the trial that led to the licensing of tamoxifen in the USA. The review concludes with a discussion other agents and interventions that could be used in the future to improve the efficacy and tolerability of breast-cancer risk reduction.
OTHER REVIEWS:
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: review of the randomised clinical trials
Dynamism of tumour vasculature in the early phase of cancer progression: outcomes from oesophageal cancer research
Informing and involving cancer patients in their own care.
Quality of life in patients undergoing systemic therapy for advanced breast cancer.
Beyond futility: to what extend is the concept of futility used in clinical decision-making about CPR?
Lancet
Estrogen News and Current Estrogen Events RSSBisphenol A linked to metabolic syndrome in human tissue
New research from the University of Cincinnati (UC) implicates the primary chemical used to produce hard plastics-bisphenol A (BPA)-as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome and its consequences.
Sex differences seen in response to common antidepressant
Women with depression may be much more likely than men to get relief from a commonly used, inexpensive antidepressant drug, a new national study finds. But many members of both sexes may find that it helps ease their depression symptoms.
Risk assessment plays key role in long-term treatment of breast cancer
Breast cancer patients and their physicians may make more informed, long-term treatment decisions using risk assessment strategies to help determine probability of recurrence.
Estrogen relieves psychotic symptoms in women with schizophrenia
When combined with antipsychotic medications, the estrogen estradiol appears to be a useful treatment in women with schizophrenia, according to a report in the August issue of Archives of General Psychiatry, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Fish with temperature-dependent sex determination face global warming
In vertebrates with separate sexes, sex determination can be genotypic (GSD) or temperature-dependent (TSD). TSD is very common in reptiles, where the ambient temperature during sensitive periods of early development irreversibly determines whether an individual will be male or female.
Improved estrogen reception may sharpen fuzzy memory
Estrogen treatments may sharpen mental performance in women with certain medical conditions, but University of Florida researchers suggest that recharging a naturally occurring estrogen receptor in the brain may also clear cognitive cobwebs.
Treatment delays result in poor outcomes for men with breast cancer
Men who develop breast cancer are often not treated until the disease has spread to the point that treatment becomes difficult, new results show.
Researchers identify cancer preventive properties in common vitamin supplement
Early laboratory research has shown that resveratrol, a common dietary supplement, suppresses the abnormal cell formation that leads to most types of breast cancer, suggesting a potential role for the agent in breast cancer prevention.
Risk of death after cancer diagnosis; shift in stage of breast cancer diagnosis
Cancer patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) have more advanced cancers at diagnosis, receive less aggressive treatment, and have a higher risk of dying in the five years following cancer diagnosis, according to a new study.
Complex Changes in the Brain's Vascular System Occur after Menopause
Many women experience menopausal changes in their body including hot flashes, moodiness and fatigue, but the changes they don't notice can be more dangerous.
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