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Transplantation Society Awards Prestigious Medawar Prize
August 29, 2002MIAMI, Aug. 29 - At the XIX International Congress of The Transplantation Society, three distinguished physician-scientists were named as the winners of the 2002 Medawar Prize. Those recognized by The Transplantation Society for their outstanding contributions to the field of transplantation were Georges Mathé, M.D., René Küss, M.D., and Joseph E. Murray, M.D.
Since 1990, the society has awarded the Medawar Prize at its congress, which is held every two years. Named for the society's co-founder, Sir Peter Medawar, the award is universally considered to be among the world's most prestigious prizes for scientific achievement and the highest honor dedicated to transplantation.
Among the winners' most notable achievements are the following:
* Dr. Mathé performed the world's first successful human bone marrow transplant on April 23, 1963, in Paris in a patient with leukemia who was conditioned with total body irradiation and who lived 20 months. The leukemia was cured by the procedure, a feat that has been duplicated many thousands of times since. In 1970, he proved that it was unnecessary to remove blood cells in the recipient to achieve limited bone marrow cell engraftment (mixed chimerism) after recipient pretreatment, a process called nonmyeloablative conditioning. The recipient pretreatment with anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) that he used some 30 years ago is similar to that in use today.
* Dr. Küss is credited with having developed the surgical technique for kidney transplantation, which he first performed in Paris in 1950 and 1951 and is still in wide practice today. In 1962, following 11 consecutive failed attempts in the United States to transplant kidneys from unrelated donors, he reported 18-month survival in two recipients of such kidneys, who had been pre-treated with total body irradiation and given an immunosuppressive drug called 6 MP after transplantation. The cases were the first successful transplants with kidneys from unrelated individuals and renewed promise for the future of kidney transplantation.
* Dr. Murray performed the world's first successful kidney transplant between identical twins on Dec. 23, 1954, at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. The kidney functioned for more than 12 years, proving for the first time that a transplanted organ could sustain life and provide normal function. In a transplant between fraternal twins, he then performed the first successful transplantation against an immune barrier. The recipient was pre-treated with total body irradiation and the kidney functioned for several years. In 1990, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition of his contributions to the field of organ transplantation.
"These are truly remarkable figures, who have individually and collectively advanced the field tremendously. The entire transplant community is greatly indebted to them for their vision
and leadership and for having provided us with the very foundation that has defined bone marrow and solid organ transplantation," stated Carl Groth, M.D., Ph.D., professor of transplantation surgery at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm and president of The Transplantation Society.
"Each holds an important place in medical history for their seminal contributions, which have had an impact on thousands of patients worldwide. It is only fitting that they be recognized with the high honor associated with the Medawar Prize," added Oscar Salvatierra, Jr., M.D., professor of surgery and pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, immediate past-president of The Transplantation Society and chairman of the Medawar Prize committee.
The citations for Drs. Küss and Mathé were delivered by Thomas E. Starzl, M.D., Ph.D., professor of surgery at the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The citation for Dr. Murray was made by Sir Roy Calne, professor emeritus at Cambridge University in the U.K. Both Sir Roy and Dr. Starzl are members of the Medawar Prize Committee.
Born in Paris in 1913, Dr. Küss is a fourth-generation surgeon, a legacy that began with his great-great-grandfather, who was also the last French mayor of Strasbourg. Now a Professeur Emerite des Universités, he retired in 1983 from the Pitié Salpétriére Hospital in Paris, where he had served as professor of urology and head of renal transplantation. He has served as president of the International Urology Society and the French National Academy of Medicine and has been awarded the Legion d'Honneur. He is honorary president of France Transplant. The kidney transplant operation he conceived more than 50 years ago - to place the donor kidney within the pelvis of the recipient - is the most common organ transplant operation performed today.
Currently retired, Dr. Mathé was born on July 9, 1922, in the village of Nieure, France. In 1959, he successfully treated four victims of a radiation accident in Yugoslavia with bone marrow
transplantation. The news of these cases brought many patients with advanced leukemia to his door also wanting to be cured. But unfortunately, graft versus host disease (GVHD) proved fatal in these patients. The patient transplanted in 1963 had a residual GVHD, which was able to be controlled. Importantly, over the course of his 20-month survival (he died an unrelated death), there was no evidence of any leukemia cells and he was fully tolerant of the bone marrow from his donor. Six different donors were used, but the bone marrow from only one engrafted. Total body irradiation was used to make space for the donor bone marrow in these early cases. Later, he would prove that the less invasive anti-lymphocyte serum would be just as effective.
Dr. Murray, professor emeritus of plastic surgery at Brigham and Women`s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, was born in 1919. In 1962, Dr. Murray reported on a transplant using a kidney from an unrelated donor. Instead of irradiation, the patient received the drug azathioprine and lived 17 months. Thereafter, irradiation became obsolete in favor of drug treatment. At that time he was an assistant clinical professor of surgery at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. By 1970, he was promoted to professor of surgery.
The Medawar Prize is funded through a generous endowment by Novartis Pharma AG.
Former winners of the prize include:
1990 James Gowans, J.F.A.P. Miller
1992 Roy Calne, Thomas Starzl, Norman Shumway
1994 Leslie Brent, Rupert Billingham, Morten Simonsen
1996 Jean Dausset, Paul Terasaki, Jon van Rood
1998 Fritz Bach, Anthony Monaco, Felix Rapaport
2000 Ray Owen, Robert Schwartz
Founded in 1966, The Transplantation Society serves as the principal international forum for the advancement of both basic and clinical transplantation science throughout the world. There are currently more than 3,000 members representing 65 countries. Among its current and former members are six Nobel Laureates.
The Transplantation Society also includes sections that represent various special interest areas. These are the International Xenotransplantation Association, the Transplant Infectious Disease Association, the International Pancreas and Islet Transplantation Association, the Cell Transplantation Society and the International Society for Organ Sharing.
# # #
Transplantation Society, The
* Dr. Mathé performed the world's first successful human bone marrow transplant on April 23, 1963, in Paris in a patient with leukemia who was conditioned with total body irradiation and who lived 20 months. The leukemia was cured by the procedure, a feat that has been duplicated many thousands of times since. In 1970, he proved that it was unnecessary to remove blood cells in the recipient to achieve limited bone marrow cell engraftment (mixed chimerism) after recipient pretreatment, a process called nonmyeloablative conditioning. The recipient pretreatment with anti-lymphocyte globulin (ALG) that he used some 30 years ago is similar to that in use today.
* Dr. Küss is credited with having developed the surgical technique for kidney transplantation, which he first performed in Paris in 1950 and 1951 and is still in wide practice today. In 1962, following 11 consecutive failed attempts in the United States to transplant kidneys from unrelated donors, he reported 18-month survival in two recipients of such kidneys, who had been pre-treated with total body irradiation and given an immunosuppressive drug called 6 MP after transplantation. The cases were the first successful transplants with kidneys from unrelated individuals and renewed promise for the future of kidney transplantation.
* Dr. Murray performed the world's first successful kidney transplant between identical twins on Dec. 23, 1954, at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital in Boston. The kidney functioned for more than 12 years, proving for the first time that a transplanted organ could sustain life and provide normal function. In a transplant between fraternal twins, he then performed the first successful transplantation against an immune barrier. The recipient was pre-treated with total body irradiation and the kidney functioned for several years. In 1990, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition of his contributions to the field of organ transplantation.
"These are truly remarkable figures, who have individually and collectively advanced the field tremendously. The entire transplant community is greatly indebted to them for their vision
and leadership and for having provided us with the very foundation that has defined bone marrow and solid organ transplantation," stated Carl Groth, M.D., Ph.D., professor of transplantation surgery at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm and president of The Transplantation Society.
"Each holds an important place in medical history for their seminal contributions, which have had an impact on thousands of patients worldwide. It is only fitting that they be recognized with the high honor associated with the Medawar Prize," added Oscar Salvatierra, Jr., M.D., professor of surgery and pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, immediate past-president of The Transplantation Society and chairman of the Medawar Prize committee.
The citations for Drs. Küss and Mathé were delivered by Thomas E. Starzl, M.D., Ph.D., professor of surgery at the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. The citation for Dr. Murray was made by Sir Roy Calne, professor emeritus at Cambridge University in the U.K. Both Sir Roy and Dr. Starzl are members of the Medawar Prize Committee.
Born in Paris in 1913, Dr. Küss is a fourth-generation surgeon, a legacy that began with his great-great-grandfather, who was also the last French mayor of Strasbourg. Now a Professeur Emerite des Universités, he retired in 1983 from the Pitié Salpétriére Hospital in Paris, where he had served as professor of urology and head of renal transplantation. He has served as president of the International Urology Society and the French National Academy of Medicine and has been awarded the Legion d'Honneur. He is honorary president of France Transplant. The kidney transplant operation he conceived more than 50 years ago - to place the donor kidney within the pelvis of the recipient - is the most common organ transplant operation performed today.
Currently retired, Dr. Mathé was born on July 9, 1922, in the village of Nieure, France. In 1959, he successfully treated four victims of a radiation accident in Yugoslavia with bone marrow
transplantation. The news of these cases brought many patients with advanced leukemia to his door also wanting to be cured. But unfortunately, graft versus host disease (GVHD) proved fatal in these patients. The patient transplanted in 1963 had a residual GVHD, which was able to be controlled. Importantly, over the course of his 20-month survival (he died an unrelated death), there was no evidence of any leukemia cells and he was fully tolerant of the bone marrow from his donor. Six different donors were used, but the bone marrow from only one engrafted. Total body irradiation was used to make space for the donor bone marrow in these early cases. Later, he would prove that the less invasive anti-lymphocyte serum would be just as effective.
Dr. Murray, professor emeritus of plastic surgery at Brigham and Women`s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, was born in 1919. In 1962, Dr. Murray reported on a transplant using a kidney from an unrelated donor. Instead of irradiation, the patient received the drug azathioprine and lived 17 months. Thereafter, irradiation became obsolete in favor of drug treatment. At that time he was an assistant clinical professor of surgery at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital. By 1970, he was promoted to professor of surgery.
The Medawar Prize is funded through a generous endowment by Novartis Pharma AG.
Former winners of the prize include:
1990 James Gowans, J.F.A.P. Miller
1992 Roy Calne, Thomas Starzl, Norman Shumway
1994 Leslie Brent, Rupert Billingham, Morten Simonsen
1996 Jean Dausset, Paul Terasaki, Jon van Rood
1998 Fritz Bach, Anthony Monaco, Felix Rapaport
2000 Ray Owen, Robert Schwartz
Founded in 1966, The Transplantation Society serves as the principal international forum for the advancement of both basic and clinical transplantation science throughout the world. There are currently more than 3,000 members representing 65 countries. Among its current and former members are six Nobel Laureates.
The Transplantation Society also includes sections that represent various special interest areas. These are the International Xenotransplantation Association, the Transplant Infectious Disease Association, the International Pancreas and Islet Transplantation Association, the Cell Transplantation Society and the International Society for Organ Sharing.
# # #
Transplantation Society, The
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