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How do you make the perfect vaccine?
April 02, 2002A big challenge in vaccine design is how to trigger a protective immune response with the safest possible vaccine. Research into how Salmonella bacteria cause infection is leading to safer, more effective, vaccines against typhoid and other diseases, scientists heard today (Tuesday 09 April 2002) at the spring meeting of the Society for General Microbiology at the University of Warwick.
Dr Pietro Mastroeni of Cambridge University, UK says, "We have been studying the many ways in which new generations of live attenuated vaccines protect against disease. Producing an immune response against an infectious bacterium or virus is not always enough to give protection, and in some cases can worsen the disease."
Vaccine-induced immunity requires a sophisticated cross-talk between different parts of the immune system. Long lasting immunity relies on the presence and activation of species-specific T- and B-cells. Both T-cell and B-cell dependent immunity is needed to clear bacteria from tissues.
“This research is leading to more rational strategies to fight Salmonella infections in man and domestic animals. By introducing proteins from different micro-organisms we can also use Salmonella as a delivery vehicle to protect against other diseases," says Dr Mastroeni.
"Recent advances in DNA technology and genetic information have led to new approaches in which to safely modify the Salmonella genome. We now have vaccine strains that can induce solid immunity after only one dose without significant side effects," says Dr Mastroeni.
Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever in humans, leading to 16 million cases (600,000 deaths) worldwide each year. Other Salmonella species cause food-borne disease. There were about 17,000 cases of Salmonella food poisoning reported in the UK in the year 2000 and twice as many were reported in the year 1998. An increasing number of clinical isolates are multi-antibiotic resistant and so are difficult to treat with existing drugs.
Society for General Microbiology
“This research is leading to more rational strategies to fight Salmonella infections in man and domestic animals. By introducing proteins from different micro-organisms we can also use Salmonella as a delivery vehicle to protect against other diseases," says Dr Mastroeni.
"Recent advances in DNA technology and genetic information have led to new approaches in which to safely modify the Salmonella genome. We now have vaccine strains that can induce solid immunity after only one dose without significant side effects," says Dr Mastroeni.
Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever in humans, leading to 16 million cases (600,000 deaths) worldwide each year. Other Salmonella species cause food-borne disease. There were about 17,000 cases of Salmonella food poisoning reported in the UK in the year 2000 and twice as many were reported in the year 1998. An increasing number of clinical isolates are multi-antibiotic resistant and so are difficult to treat with existing drugs.
Society for General Microbiology
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