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Geophysical Research Letters European Highlights - 1 August 2001
July 16, 2001Highlights
4. Deep water has many sources
Hellmer and Beckmann ["The Southern Ocean: A Ventilation
Contributor with Multiple Sources"] use a coupled ocean/ice-shelf
model to determine the location and rate of Antarctic Bottom
Water (AABW) formation. Their results suggest that the Atlantic
and Indian-Pacific are equal contributors but produce bottom
waters of different density. As in observations and analyses, the
model calculates that the southern oceans have multiple bottom
water sources producing dense AABW at a rate of approximately
10 Sverdrup [unit used to measure the volume transport of ocean
currents], the Atlantic being the dominant source. The authors
report that the southern and northern hemisphere sources are equal
contributors to the ventilation of the deep world ocean.
8. Large earthquakes also follow the law
For many years, there has been a debate about why large
earthquakes do not appear to fit the scaling laws for smaller
earthquakes. This observation would seem to imply that the
physics of large earthquakes is somehow fundamentally
different from that of smaller events. Shaw and Scholz ["Slip-
length scaling in large earthquakes: Observations and theory and
implications for earthquake physics"] bring together recently
compiled observations of large aspect ratio earthquakes and a new
3-D dynamic earthquake model to show that the larger earthquakes
do, in fact, follow the same scaling laws as the smaller events.
These new results generate renewed confidence in using
observations of more common smaller earthquakes to predict the
effects of the rare and damaging great earthquakes.
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Earthquake News and Current Earthquake Events RSSEarthquakes may endanger New York more than thought, says study
A study by a group of prominent seismologists suggests that a pattern of subtle but active faults makes the risk of earthquakes to the New York City area substantially greater than formerly believed.
Severe, acute maternal stress linked to the development of schizophrenia
Pregnant women who endure the psychological stress of being in a war zone are more likely to give birth to a child who develops schizophrenia.
Durham scientist explores Sichuan fault
Durham University expert, Alex Densmore, is to explore the fault lines that caused the May 12th earthquake in China that killed 69,000 people.
Hebrew U. archaeological excavations uncover Roman temple in Zippori (Sepphoris)
Ruins of a Roman temple from the second century CE have recently been unearthed in the Zippori National Park in Israel. Above the temple are foundations of a church from the Byzantine period. The excavations, which were undertaken by the Noam Shudofsky Zippori Expedition led by of Prof. Zeev Weiss of the Institute of Archaeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, shed light on the multi-cultural society of ancient Zippori.
Region hit hard by 1993 floods showed economic resiliency, study indicates
With the first wave of clean-up efforts behind them, residents of communities affected by this year's Midwest floods may find hope in a University of Illinois study on the economic impact of the 1993 flood that devastated much of the same region.
Chinese earthquake provides lessons for future
The May 12 Sichuan earthquake in China was unexpectedly large. Analysis of the area, however, now shows that topographic characteristics of the highly mountainous area identified the mountain range as active and could have pointed to the earthquake hazard. Topographic analysis can help evaluate other, similar fault areas for seismic risk, according to geologists from Penn State and Arizona State University.
Researchers distinguish waves from mine collapses from other seismic activities
Researchers have devised a technology that can distinguish mine collapses from other seismic activity.
NJIT architect professor advocates best-building practices for high wind regions
More than ever before, building design and construction can be significantly improved to reduce wind pressures on building surfaces and to help better resist high winds and hurricanes in residential or commercial construction, said NJIT architecture professor Rima Taher, PhD.
A world novelty for an improved tsunami early warning
After completing their simulation component in the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System (GITEWS), the team for tsunami modelling of the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in the Helmholtz Association has presented the currently leading software system for tsunami events with the potential for catastrophe.
A stress meter for fault zones
For the first time, scientists from Rice University, the Carnegie Institution of Washington, and the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have measured - in the field rather than in the laboratory - how changes in stress in rocks affect changes in the speed of seismic waves at depths where earthquakes begin.
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