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Toxicologists discover traces of diesel exhaust in the body
February 21, 2000The Dutch toxicologists discovered that office staff, unloaders and drivers at an indoor transport company were exposed to almost the same extent as a result of ineffective ventilation of the office building. This shows how unreliable risk assessments based on occupational groups can be. To improve health conditions at work, it is necessary in many cases to test individual employees.
The diesel residues identified are products created by the degradation of 1-nitropyrene, one of the organic substances which attach themselves to the core of particles of carbon in the diesel soot. In the human body, the organic compounds and the carbon core disintegrate and are then metabolized. Toxicologists are able to detect the degradation product of 1-nitropyrene amongst the numerous metabolites in the urine and blood at an amount of at least 4.10-10 milligrams. To determine the damage caused by smoking, it is sufficient to have a detection limit thousands of times higher.
The Nijmegen research team have already developed a method of determining the concentration of 1-nitropyrene in air. Measuring the decomposition products of this substance in the body now makes it possible to take account of individual differences in uptake, conversion, and excretion. Major differences in the individual uptake of the harmful substances are possible even when subjects are exposed to the same quantities. This is because the quantity of air inhaled, hygiene when dealing with dusty objects and metabolism differ in each individual.
Air samples taken in Vienna have shown that between 12% and 30% of the larger particles contained in air consist of soot particles from diesel exhaust fumes. The WHO has designated such particles as "suspected of causing cancer", and companies are therefore required to minimise exposure of their employees to diesel exhaust fumes. Using bio-markers can be of assistance in doing so. Previous research has shown that the risk of lung cancer from exposure to high concentrations of diesel soot is somewhere between a quarter to a fifth of the risk resulting from smoking.
NWO (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research)
Cancer News and Current Cancer Events RSSNew insights into the regulation of PTEN tumor suppression function
The PTEN tumor suppressor gene controls numerous biological processes including cell proliferation, cell growth and death. But PTEN is frequently lost or mutated; in fact, alteration of the gene is so common among various types of human cancer that PTEN has become one of the most frequently mutated of all tumor suppressors.
Researchers discover how rheumatoid arthritis causes bone loss
Researchers have discovered key details of how rheumatoid arthritis (RA) destroys bone, according to a study published in the Aug. 22 edition of the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
Making 'good' fat from muscle and vice versa
A surprise discovery -- that calorie-burning brown fat can be produced experimentally from muscle precursor cells in mice -- raises the prospect of new ways to fight obesity and overweight, say scientists from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
Researchers discover scent of skin cancer
According to new research from the Monell Center, odors from skin can be used to identify basal cell carcinoma, the most common form of skin cancer. The findings, presented at the 236th meeting of the American Chemical Society, may open doors to development of new methods to detect basal cell carcinoma and other forms of skin cancer.
Cervical cancer prevention should focus on vaccinating adolescent girls
The cost-effectiveness of vaccination in the United States against human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually-transmitted virus that causes cervical cancer, will be optimized by achieving universal vaccine coverage in young adolescent girls, by targeting initial "catch-up" efforts to vaccinate women younger than 21 years of age, and by revising current screening policies.
Obesity raises risks of serious digestive health concerns
The prevalence of obesity and overweight in the United States coupled by the increased risk of gastrointestinal diseases related to obesity raises serious implications for the health of Americans.
Bowel cancer indicator should lead to better treatment
STEM cell scientists have developed a more accurate way of identifying aggressive forms of bowel cancer, which should eventually lead to better treatment and survival rates.
Stem cell indicator for bowel cancer should lead to better survival rates
Stem cell scientists have developed a more accurate way of identifying aggressive forms of bowel cancer, which should eventually lead to better treatment and survival rates. Bowel cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK.
Infection Blocks Lung's Protective Response Against Tobacco Smoke
An infection that often goes undetected can block the lung's natural protective response against tobacco smoke, according to researchers at National Jewish Health.
NYU scientists identify critical protein complex in formation of cell cilia
An international team led by NYU Cancer Institute have identified a protein complex that regulates the formation of cilia, which are found on virtually all mature human cells and are essential to normal cell function.
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