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Toxicologists discover traces of diesel exhaust in the body
February 21, 2000The Dutch toxicologists discovered that office staff, unloaders and drivers at an indoor transport company were exposed to almost the same extent as a result of ineffective ventilation of the office building. This shows how unreliable risk assessments based on occupational groups can be. To improve health conditions at work, it is necessary in many cases to test individual employees.
The diesel residues identified are products created by the degradation of 1-nitropyrene, one of the organic substances which attach themselves to the core of particles of carbon in the diesel soot. In the human body, the organic compounds and the carbon core disintegrate and are then metabolized. Toxicologists are able to detect the degradation product of 1-nitropyrene amongst the numerous metabolites in the urine and blood at an amount of at least 4.10-10 milligrams. To determine the damage caused by smoking, it is sufficient to have a detection limit thousands of times higher.
The Nijmegen research team have already developed a method of determining the concentration of 1-nitropyrene in air. Measuring the decomposition products of this substance in the body now makes it possible to take account of individual differences in uptake, conversion, and excretion. Major differences in the individual uptake of the harmful substances are possible even when subjects are exposed to the same quantities. This is because the quantity of air inhaled, hygiene when dealing with dusty objects and metabolism differ in each individual.
Air samples taken in Vienna have shown that between 12% and 30% of the larger particles contained in air consist of soot particles from diesel exhaust fumes. The WHO has designated such particles as "suspected of causing cancer", and companies are therefore required to minimise exposure of their employees to diesel exhaust fumes. Using bio-markers can be of assistance in doing so. Previous research has shown that the risk of lung cancer from exposure to high concentrations of diesel soot is somewhere between a quarter to a fifth of the risk resulting from smoking.
NWO (Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research)
Cancer Current Events and Cancer News RSSMenopause-cardiology consensus statement on cardiovascular disease and on HRT
A menopause-cardiology consensus statement has called for direct action to prevent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in menopausal women. The statement also concludes that there is little evidence of increased CVD risk in taking HRT.
Other Illnesses, Body Weight Do Not Explain Racial Disparities in Colon Cancer Survival, UAB Researchers Say
A new study by University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) researchers shows that body-mass index (BMI) and co-existing medical conditions (co-morbidity) do not explain the decreased survival observed among African-Americans compared to Caucasians who also have colon cancer.
Multiple health concerns surface as winter, vitamin D deficiences arrive
A string of recent discoveries about the multiple health benefits of vitamin D has renewed interest in this multi-purpose nutrient, increased awareness of the huge numbers of people who are deficient in it, spurred research and even led to an appreciation of it as "nature's antibiotic."
AIDS research reveals a lack of family-planning programs in Uganda
University of Alberta graduate student Jennifer Heys wants to make her message clear: there needs to be more education in Ugandan communities about contraception.
Possible Link Studied Between Childhood Abuse and Early Cellular Aging
Children who suffer physical or emotional abuse may be faced with accelerated cellular aging as adults, according to new research from Butler Hospital and Brown University.
Rare pancreatic cancer patients may live longer when treated with radiation therapy
Radiation therapy is effective in achieving local control and palliation in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNTs), despite such tumors being commonly considered resistant to radiation therapy.
Researchers Identify Role of Gene in Tumor Development, Growth and Progression
Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center and VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine researchers have identified a gene that may play a pivotal role in two processes that are essential for tumor development, growth and progression to metastasis.
Saving the single cysteine: new antioxidant system found
We've all read studies about the health benefits of having a life partner. The same thing is true at the molecular level, where amino acids known as cysteines are much more vulnerable to damage when single than when paired up with other cysteines.
Gene mismatch influences success of bone marrow transplants
A commonly inherited gene deletion can increase the likelihood of immune complications following bone marrow transplantation, an international team of researchers reports in the November 22 advance online issue of Nature Genetics.
Cancer metabolism discovery uncovers new role of IDH1 gene mutation in brain cancer
Agios Pharmaceuticals today announced that its scientists have established, for the first time, that the mutated IDH1 gene has a novel enzyme activity consistent with a cancer-causing gene, or oncogene.
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