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Comparison of cocaine and methamphetamine 'highs' finds differences in onset, pattern and duration
August 25, 2005Investigators at the Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior at UCLA examining responses to cocaine and methamphetamine use find distinct differences in onset, pattern and duration.
Subjective, or self-reported, responses to cocaine peak and decline more rapidly than those of methamphetamine, the study shows. Cardiovascular responses to the two stimulants are similar at onset but responses to cocaine decline more rapidly.
In press with the peer-reviewed journal Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, the study is the first to use identical procedures in measuring and comparing subjective and cardiovascular responses to the two stimulants.
"These differences help explain patterns of use by addicts. Methamphetamine users, for instance, report using the drug daily throughout each day, while cocaine users typically engage in binges that occur most often in the evening," said Dr. Thomas F. Newton, the study's principal investigator and a research scientist at the Semel Institute.
"In addition, the study results may impact development of medication treatments for addiction to these two very different stimulants," said Newton, a professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
The study examined the onset, pattern and duration of the response to cocaine in 14 cocaine dependent volunteers and the response to methamphetamine in 11 methamphetamine dependent volunteers. None of the volunteers were seeking treatment.
Study volunteers reported subjective effects using a sliding rating scale ranging from 0, or "no drug effect," to 100, "most drug effect ever." Ratings were obtained just prior to administration of the drug and at regular intervals for 30 minutes following administration.
Heart rate and blood pressures were assessed using an automated device just prior to administration of the drug and at regular intervals for 60 minutes following administration.
University of California-Los Angeles
"These differences help explain patterns of use by addicts. Methamphetamine users, for instance, report using the drug daily throughout each day, while cocaine users typically engage in binges that occur most often in the evening," said Dr. Thomas F. Newton, the study's principal investigator and a research scientist at the Semel Institute.
"In addition, the study results may impact development of medication treatments for addiction to these two very different stimulants," said Newton, a professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
The study examined the onset, pattern and duration of the response to cocaine in 14 cocaine dependent volunteers and the response to methamphetamine in 11 methamphetamine dependent volunteers. None of the volunteers were seeking treatment.
Study volunteers reported subjective effects using a sliding rating scale ranging from 0, or "no drug effect," to 100, "most drug effect ever." Ratings were obtained just prior to administration of the drug and at regular intervals for 30 minutes following administration.
Heart rate and blood pressures were assessed using an automated device just prior to administration of the drug and at regular intervals for 60 minutes following administration.
University of California-Los Angeles
Cocaine Current Events and Cocaine News RSSWhy can't some people give up cocaine?
Drug dependency is a recurrent but treatable kind of addiction. However, not all people who are drug dependent progress in the same way once they stop taking drugs.
Athletes on performance enhancers more likely to abuse alcohol, other drugs
College athletes who use performance-enhancing substances may be at heightened risk of misusing alcohol and using recreational drugs as well, according to new research in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.
Local health investigation sheds light on gastroschisis birth defect
Results of an investigation conducted by University of Nevada, Reno researchers, public health officials and area physicians published this week in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, indicate that Washoe County experienced a cluster of a particular birth defect, gastroschisis, during the period April 2007 - April 2008.
Stress-induced changes in brain circuitry linked to cocaine relapse
Stress-evoked changes in circuits that regulate serotonin in certain parts of the brain can precipitate a low mood and a relapse in cocaine-seeking, based on mouse studies published online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Cocaine exposure during pregnancy leads to impulsivity in male, not female, monkeys
Adult male monkeys exposed to cocaine while in the womb have poor impulse control and may be more vulnerable to drug abuse than female monkeys, even a decade or more after the exposure, according to a new study by researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. The findings could lead to a better understanding of human drug abuse.
Think what you eat: Studies point to cellular factors linking diet and behavior
New research released today is affirming a long-held maxim: you are what you eat - and, more to the point, what you eat has a profound influence on the brain.
Global public health the focus of scientific conference
Counterfeit and adulterated food and drugs and advances in measurement science used to detect them emerged as key themes of the Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM) hosted by the U.S. Pharmacopeial (USP) Convention.
Computer Model Shows Changes in Brain Mechanisms for Cocaine Addicts
About 2 million Americans currently use cocaine for its temporary side-effects of euphoria, which have contributed to making it one of the most dangerous and addictive drugs in the country.
Researchers explore long-term adolescent vulnerability to drugs
As part of efforts to understand drug abuse, Georgia State University researchers are finding that adolescent rats appear to be less vulnerable to the long-term effects of withdrawal and relapse in certain types of drug use than rats that take the drugs in adulthood.
Deaths from Unintentional Injuries Increase for Many Groups
While the total mortality rate from unintentional injury increased in the U.S. by 11 percent between 1999 and 2005, far larger increases were seen in some subgroups analyzed by age, race, ethnicity and type of injury by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health's Center for Injury Research and Policy.
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