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Needle-free immunizations
December 02, 2005Samir Mitragotri, a professor of chemical engineering at the University of California, Santa Barbara, says the myriad shortcomings of injections have led to active research and development of needle-free methods of immunization. While most people prefer to avoid injections, the stakes are enormously higher than just helping people avoid a disagreeable prick of a needle. In third world countries, improper and unsafe use of the needles used in injections causes millions of cases of hepatitis B and hepatitis C, and thousands of HIV infections. The World Health Organization has estimated that as many as one-third of immunization injections are unsafe in four of it six geographical regions.
In a paper published today in Nature Reviews, "Immunization Without Needles," Mitragotri reviews in detail the characteristics - and pros and cons - of the currently available methods of immunization, which include topical application to the skin, pills, nasal sprays, injections, and others. Considerable advances have been made in the past decade, especially in transdermal (through the skin) and nasal immunization.
"Unfortunately, because of the development costs of new immunization methods, use of needle-free immunization might initially push the direct cost of immunizations higher," says Mitragotri. "But the secondary costs of needle-based immunization - infection and disease - are high and could be prevented with needle-free methods." Mitragotri says that he anticipates that needle-free methods will reduce the economic burden associated with needle-caused infections, eventually proving to be economically feasible.
A wide range of interdisciplinary researchers and businesses are focusing on needle-free immunization delivery methods, says Mitragotri, helping ensure that needle-free immunizations will eventually be commonly used.
University of California-Santa Barbara
A wide range of interdisciplinary researchers and businesses are focusing on needle-free immunization delivery methods, says Mitragotri, helping ensure that needle-free immunizations will eventually be commonly used.
University of California-Santa Barbara
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Keeping up with the neighbors speeds vaccine use
Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health conducted an analysis of worldwide use of Haemophilus influenza Type b vaccine (Hib) to determine what factors influenced a nation's adoption of the vaccine.
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Predicting effectiveness of flu vaccination campaigns
new study, published by Elsevier this month in Vaccine describes a new method that assesses the impact and cost-effectiveness of a range of vaccination options.
More Than 30 Percent of Seniors Are Not Immunized Against Pneumonia in 36 States; New Report Finds Low Adult Vaccination Rates in U.S.
A new report, Adult Immunization: Shots to Save Lives, released today by the Trust for America's Health (TFAH), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) found that more than 30 percent of adults ages 65 and older had not been immunized against pneumonia in 36 states as of 2008.
UM School of Medicine scientists find new malaria vaccine is safe and protective in children
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New vaccine effective in preventing TB in African patients with HIV infection
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Mandatory Policy Boosts Influenza Vaccination Rate Among Health Care Workers
A mandatory influenza vaccination policy improves immunization rates among health care workers, according to a recent study of a large health care organization.
Researchers find that common stomach pathogen may protect against tuberculosis
It's been implicated as the bacterium that causes ulcers and the majority of stomach cancers, but studies by researchers at Stanford University, UC Davis, and the University of Pittsburgh have found that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) also may play a protective role - against the worldwide killer, tuberculosis (TB).
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