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New discovery may improve treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and type 2 diabetes
December 15, 2005Proteins are large molecular chains that move around cells carrying vital information on the activity of the organism. The role of each protein depends largely on the form it takes, but the proteins occasionally lose this form when they collide and bind with other proteins. They aggregate, and lose their function, growing continuously to form what are known as amyloid fibres. This causes neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and forms of spongiform encephalopathy, such as mad cow disease (BSE) and its human form, Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease. It also produces the pancreatic malfunctions that cause type 2 diabetes.
A team of scientists from the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, led by the researcher Salvador Ventura, has developed a method that allows those parts of the proteins that set off aggregation to be identified. Using this method one is able to identify the precise zones of each protein that force these proteins to bond, aggregate and form amyloid fibres. The scientists have tested the method with different proteins involved in conformational diseases, while identifying zones that were already known for their role in protein aggregation and the diseases mentioned above.
According to Salvador Ventura, their method "identifies potential therapeutic targets against illnesses caused by protein aggregation, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and type 2 diabetes. It allows a more precise identification of the targets, meaning that in theory they can be attacked more effectively".
The method created by the UAB researchers identifies the "hot spots" that cause protein aggregation both in globular proteins, which are folded chains, and in unfolded chains. This method may be extremely useful for designing new drugs to fight illnesses related to protein aggregation. For unfolded chains, the method can be used to design drugs that act by completely covering and shielding the "hot spots" identified through the new method so that they cannot come into contact with other proteins and aggregate. If the proteins are globular, the aggregation "hot spots" are usually protected on the inside, and are not dangerous unless they are accidentally exposed to the outside. In this case the drugs must be aimed at stabilising the structure of the protein, while preventing the "hot spots" from becoming exposed.
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
The method created by the UAB researchers identifies the "hot spots" that cause protein aggregation both in globular proteins, which are folded chains, and in unfolded chains. This method may be extremely useful for designing new drugs to fight illnesses related to protein aggregation. For unfolded chains, the method can be used to design drugs that act by completely covering and shielding the "hot spots" identified through the new method so that they cannot come into contact with other proteins and aggregate. If the proteins are globular, the aggregation "hot spots" are usually protected on the inside, and are not dangerous unless they are accidentally exposed to the outside. In this case the drugs must be aimed at stabilising the structure of the protein, while preventing the "hot spots" from becoming exposed.
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona
Disease Treatment Current Events and Disease Treatment News RSSNew mechanism explains how the body prevents formation of blood vessels
Researchers at Uppsala University, in collaboration with colleagues in Sweden and abroad, have identified an entirely new mechanism by which a specific protein in the body inhibits formation of new blood vessels.
Hybrid molecules show promise for exploring, treating Alzheimer's
One of the many mysteries of Alzheimer's disease is how protein-like snippets called amyloid-beta peptides, which clump together to form plaques in the brain, may cause cell death, leading to the disease's devastating symptoms of memory loss and other mental difficulties.
New data: Hospital imaging centers poised to pull back, hitting patients hardest in rural areas
Survivors and patients with cancers and heart disease, along with patient advocate organizations and physicians, today urged policymakers to enhance early diagnosis of deadly diseases by preserving access to advanced imaging, such as MRI and CT scans, in final health care reform legislation.
New findings about brain proteins suggest possible way to fight Alzheimer's
The action of a small protein that is a major villain in Alzheimer's disease can be counterbalanced with another brain protein, researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center have found in an animal study.
Is there long-term brain damage after bypass surgery? More evidence puts the blame on heart disease
Brain scientists and cardiac surgeons at Johns Hopkins have evidence from 227 heart bypass surgery patients that long-term memory losses and cognitive problems they experience are due to the underlying coronary artery disease itself and not ill after-effects from having used a heart-lung machine.
Oral/Body Inflammatory Connection Explained
Is your head where your heart is? It may be now. A strong connection between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been suggested in recent clinical studies.
Scripps research team invents first technique for producing promising anti-leukemia agent
Kapakahines, marine-derived natural products isolated from a South Pacific sponge in trace quantities, have shown anti-leukemia potential, but studies have been all but stalled by kapakahines' lack of availability.
Addiction: Insights from Parkinson's disease
A new comprehensive review by researchers at the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University and the University of Cambridge, England provides vital insights into the neurological basis of addiction by investigating Parkinson's disease patients, who in some instances develop various addictions when undergoing medical treatment.
Prevalence of disordered eating behaviors in diabetics probed
Children with diabetes are at an increased risk for developing eating disorders and researchers want to know if it's their disease or treatment that's to blame.
Friend or foe? How the body's clot-busting system speeds up atherosclerosis
Sometimes it's hard to tell friends from foes, biologically speaking. Naturally produced in the body, urokinase plasminogen activator and plasminogen interact to break up blood clots and recruit clean-up cells to clear away debris related to inflammation. In fact, urokinase manufactured as a drug effectively clears clogged arteries by generating clot-busting plasmin from blood-derived plasminogen.
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