 |
|
Integral identifies supernova rate for Milky Way
January 09, 2006Using ESA's Integral observatory, an international team of researchers has been able to confirm the production of radioactive aluminium (Al 26) in massive stars and supernovae throughout our galaxy and determine the rate of supernovae-one of its key parameters.
The team, led by Roland Diehl of the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching, Germany, determined that gamma rays from the decay of Al 26 originate from the central regions of our galaxy, implying that production of new atomic nuclei is an ongoing process and occurs in star-forming regions galaxy-wide.
Our environment is composed of chemical elements formed long ago by nuclear fusion reactions in stellar interiors and supernovae. This process of 'nucleosynthesis' leads to the emission of gamma rays, which easily reach us from all regions of our galaxy. ESA's Integral observatory has been measuring such gamma rays since October 2002.
Roland Diehl and his colleagues were able to measure the Al 26 gamma-ray emissions along the plane of the inner galaxy.
However, because the disc of the galaxy rotates about its central axis, with the inner regions orbiting faster, gamma rays from decaying Al 26 observed from these regions should be moderated by the Doppler effect in a characteristic way. It is this characteristic pattern that has been found by Integral.
From this measurement, the team found that Al 26 decay gamma rays do indeed reach us from the inner regions of the galaxy, rather than from foreground regions along the same line of sight possibly caused by local and peculiar Al 26 production. These regions would not have the observed high relative velocity.
From these new observations, it is possible to estimate the total amount of radioactive Al 26 in our galaxy as is equivalent to three solar masses. This is a lot, given that Al 26 is an extremely rare isotope; the fraction estimated for the early Solar System is 5/100 000 of Al 26, in proportion to its stable aluminium isotope (Al 27).
Because astrophysicists had inferred that the likely sources are mainly massive stars, which end their lives as supernovae, they could estimate the rate of such supernova events. They obtained a rate of one supernova every 50 years-consistent with what had been indirectly found from observations of other galaxies and their comparison to the Milky Way.
Integral's study of gamma rays will continue to operate for several more years. Astrophysicists hope to increase the precision of such measurements. Project leader Roland Diehl said, "These gamma-ray observations provide insights about our home galaxy, which are difficult to obtain at other wavelengths due to interstellar absorption."
European Space Agency
From this measurement, the team found that Al 26 decay gamma rays do indeed reach us from the inner regions of the galaxy, rather than from foreground regions along the same line of sight possibly caused by local and peculiar Al 26 production. These regions would not have the observed high relative velocity.
From these new observations, it is possible to estimate the total amount of radioactive Al 26 in our galaxy as is equivalent to three solar masses. This is a lot, given that Al 26 is an extremely rare isotope; the fraction estimated for the early Solar System is 5/100 000 of Al 26, in proportion to its stable aluminium isotope (Al 27).
Because astrophysicists had inferred that the likely sources are mainly massive stars, which end their lives as supernovae, they could estimate the rate of such supernova events. They obtained a rate of one supernova every 50 years-consistent with what had been indirectly found from observations of other galaxies and their comparison to the Milky Way.
Integral's study of gamma rays will continue to operate for several more years. Astrophysicists hope to increase the precision of such measurements. Project leader Roland Diehl said, "These gamma-ray observations provide insights about our home galaxy, which are difficult to obtain at other wavelengths due to interstellar absorption."
European Space Agency
Integral Current Events and Integral News RSSTEEB report released on the economics of ecosystems and biodiversity for policy makers
Policy makers who factor the planet's multi-trillion dollar ecosystem services into their national and international investment strategies are likely to see far higher rates of return and stronger economic growth in the 21st century.
New national study finds more than half of cheerleading injuries in US due to stunts
Whether rallying the crowd at a sporting event or participating in competition, cheerleading can be both fun and physically demanding. Although integral to cheerleading routines, performing stunts can lead to injury.
Discussing adverse events with patients improves how they rate their hospital care
A survey of patients had who experienced some sort of adverse event during their hospitalization found that, although caregivers discussed the event with patients less than half the time, those patients to whom the adverse event had been disclosed rated the quality of their care higher than did patients whose caregivers did not address the problem.
American Dietetic Association supports IOM recommendations on school meal programs
The American Dietetic Association welcomes a report issued Wednesday, October 21, by the Institute of Medicine encouraging federal school meal programs to adopt standards that increase the nutrition content and limit the calories in meals served to schoolchildren.
The food-energy cellular connection revealed
Our body's activity levels fall and rise to the beat of our internal drums-the 24-hour cycles that govern fundamental physiological functions, from sleeping and feeding patterns to the energy available to our cells.
What are coral reef services worth? $130,000 to $1.2 million per hectare, per year: experts
Experts concluding the global DIVERSITAS biodiversity conference today in Cape Town described preliminary research revealing jaw-dropping dollar values of the "ecosystem services" of biomes like forests and coral reefs - including food, pollution treatment and climate regulation.
Autism Speaks' genetic resource exchange, tissue program support findings published in Nature
Autism Speaks' Autism Genetic Resource Exchange (AGRE) and the Autism Tissue Program (ATP) continue to play an integral role in continuing genetic research and new findings in the complex autism inheritance and causation puzzle.
A woman in space
In the early years of the "space race" (1957-1975) two men sought to test a scientifically simple yet culturally complicated theory: that women might be innately better suited for space travel than men.
Researchers find demand for cosmetic and surgical procedures in dermatologic surgery rising rapidly
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and the Laser and Skin Cancer Center of Indiana, (Carmel, Indiana), found that there has been a dramatic increase in the number of procedures performed and patient demand for dermatologic health care since 2000.
Medical ethics experts identify, address key issues in H1N1 pandemic
The anticipated onset of a second wave of the H1N1 influenza pandemic could present a host of thorny medical ethics issues best considered well in advance, according to the University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, which today released nine papers for public discussion.
More Integral Current Events and Integral News Articles
 |
Integral Life Practice: A 21st-Century Blueprint for Physical Health, Emotional Balance, Mental Clarity, and Spiritual Awakening by Ken Wilber (Author), Terry Patten (Author), Adam Leonard (Author), Marco Morelli (Author) Over the last thirty-five years, Ken Wilber has developed an Integral "theory of everything" that makes sense of how all the world's knowledge systems—East and West; ancient, modern, and postmodern—fit together and can elevate our awareness. Drawing on science, psychology, human development, spirituality, religion, and dozens of other fields, Integral Theory is a revolutionary framework for understanding ourselves and the world we live in. Now there is a way to not just think Integrally, but to embody an Integral worldview in your everyday life. Integral Life Practice is not just a new approach to self-development and higher awareness, but a way of making sense of—and making best use of—the existing treasure trove of insights, methods, and practices for cultivating a... |
 |
Integral Consciousness and the Future of Evolution by Steve McIntosh (Author) What does the next step in evolution hold for society as a whole? This volume suggests that an integral worldview is crucial to the development of our civilization, and that through its understanding of the evolution of consciousness it can provide both realistic and pragmatic solutions to global problems."Integral Consciousness" is divided into two sections, the first serves as an accessible introduction to the power of integral consciousness, whilst the second brings together unique perspectives and breaks new ground in its application to philosophy, politics, and spirituality. This volume also includes a contextual critique of the integral consciousnesses leading advocate, Ken Wilber. |
 |
Integral Philosophy Starring: Steve McIntosh, Jeff Salzman, Michael Zimmerman Directed By: Richard Riordan Integral Philosophy: DVD Set In DVD 1: FOUNDATIONS OF INTEGRAL PHILOSOPHY Jeff Salzman's interview of Steve McIntosh surveys the landscape of the integral worldview. The two discuss the evolution of consciousness and culture and the 'internal ecosystem' formed by the dialectical stages of human development. McIntosh describes the history of integral philosophy from Georg Hegal to Ken Wilbur, as well as the exciting potential of the emerging integral worldview. Run time 58 minutes. In DVD 2: A CONVERSATION ON EVOLUTION -- PROGRESS, CAUSATION & EROS McIntosh dialogues with Michael Zimmerman on the spiritual implications of evolution, as well as the unmistakable metaphysics of purpose and progress that can be found in the process of development. McIntosh and Zimmerman also discuss... |
 |
Integral Designs Sil Wing , Grey, 8-Feet x 7-Feet by Integral Designs The SilWing is a catenary cut, shaped tarp designed to remain taut in high winds and reduce the effects of inclement weather.With 8 reinforced light webbing tie-out points the SilWing can be set up on trekking poles or between trees in a versatile array of configurations. The edges are bound and reinforced with coated nylon to increase the seam strength and the tie out points durability. The SilWing is supplied with 30ft of 2.2mm ParaLine and a 1.5oz tube of Silnet for sealing the centre seam. |
|
Integral Sources Du Droit - CD-Rom by Legisoft | |
 |
Braun 5000 & 6000 Series Flex Integral/XP Replacement Foil & Cutter Set by Braun Does NOT fit Freeglider models: 6690, 6680, 6610 Part also known as 31S Packaging may vary Braun recommends changing the foil and cutter every 18 months for a closer, more comfortable shave color may vary (black or gray) |
 |
The Integral Vision: A Very Short Introduction to the Revolutionary Integral Approach to Life, God, the Universe, and Everything by Ken Wilber (Author) Suppose we took everything that all the various world cultures have to tell us about human potential—about psychological, spiritual, and social growth—and identified the basic patterns that connect these pieces of knowledge. What if we attempted to create an all-inclusive map that touches the most important factors from all of the world's great traditions? Ken Wilber's Integral Vision provides such a map. Using all the known systems and models of human growth—from the ancient sages to the latest breakthroughs in cognitive science—it distills their major components into five simple elements, and, moreover, ones that readers can verify in their own experience right now. In any field of interest, such as business, law, science, psychology, health, art, or everyday... |
 |
Sylvania 29728 20W Compact Fluorescent Micro Mini with Integral 120V Ballast Medium Screwbase, Warm White, 2-Pack # CF20/MICROMINI/2/12/RP by Sylvania 20 watt 120 volt Micro Mini Twist Medium Screw (E26) Base 2,700K Soft White Compact Fluorescent Sylvania Light Bulb 2 Pack |
 |
Rise by Integral |
 |
Intova H2O Man G3 MP3 Player with Integral Headphones by Intova Premium sound quality, the ear piece is adjustable so ear bud can easily be aligned in the proper position for different size ears. The head phone is soft and flexible for a tight comfortable fit. The MP3 player secures low on the back of the head so a helmet can be worn with headphone. Jump shake, roll, swim, surf, ski and the headphone/player does not move.There are no exposed wires, all wires are concealed inside headphone for ease of operation. This also reduces any potential function problems from wires being caught or pulled on. H20 Man G3 is a durable unit designed for even the most extreme sports but is practical for the golf range, gym workout or musical enjoyment anywhere. |
| © 2009 BrightSurf.com |