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Brain plays key role in diabetes therapy
January 11, 2006The brain plays a major role in the ability of insulin therapy to lower blood sugar in animals with diabetes, according to a new study in the January 11, 2006, Cell Metabolism.
"Our findings suggest that, in individuals with diabetes, the ability of insulin to lower blood sugar involves the brain," said senior author of the study, Michael Schwartz of the University of Washington at Seattle. "This effect is not trivial; the brain makes a substantial contribution to insulin response."
The findings in rats suggest that therapies that boost the brain response to insulin in patients with diabetes might improve blood sugar control while lowering the required dose of the hormone, the researchers said. That advance, in turn, might help to reduce side effects of insulin treatment, such as weight gain, they added.
Insulin normally allows body tissues, such as the muscles, to take up the blood sugar glucose, the body's prime energy source. In those with diabetes due to a lack of normal insulin or insulin resistance, blood sugar rises, a condition that can lead to tissue damage.
Scientists once thought that insulin's effects were limited to peripheral body tissues that respond to the hormone by importing glucose. However, more recent studies have revealed that insulin receptors in the brain also play an important role in normal blood sugar control.
To extend those findings to the disease state in the current study, the researchers examined the brain's effect on insulin sensitivity in rats with diabetes due to a lack of so-called pancreatic beta cells, which normally secrete insulin. The rats' condition mimics type I, or juvenile, diabetes, a form of the disease that begins in childhood most often due to autoimmune destruction of cells in the pancreas, which leave the organ unable to produce insulin.
The researchers infused the brains of the diabetic rats with a chemical that limits the function of an enzyme involved in the normal insulin response before injecting the animals with the hormone. Without the normal brain response to insulin, the hormone therapy's efficacy for reducing blood sugar fell by about 35%, Schwartz said. Furthermore, they found that gene therapy interventions designed to increase the brain's insulin response heightened the animals' response to therapy about 2-fold.
Strategies that target the molecules involved in the brain's response to insulin "may therefore prove beneficial in the management of diabetes in humans," the researchers said.
Differences in brain sensitivity to the insulin hormone might also help to explain the often "huge variation in insulin requirement" among otherwise comparable diabetes patients, Schwartz said.
Cell Press
Insulin normally allows body tissues, such as the muscles, to take up the blood sugar glucose, the body's prime energy source. In those with diabetes due to a lack of normal insulin or insulin resistance, blood sugar rises, a condition that can lead to tissue damage.
Scientists once thought that insulin's effects were limited to peripheral body tissues that respond to the hormone by importing glucose. However, more recent studies have revealed that insulin receptors in the brain also play an important role in normal blood sugar control.
To extend those findings to the disease state in the current study, the researchers examined the brain's effect on insulin sensitivity in rats with diabetes due to a lack of so-called pancreatic beta cells, which normally secrete insulin. The rats' condition mimics type I, or juvenile, diabetes, a form of the disease that begins in childhood most often due to autoimmune destruction of cells in the pancreas, which leave the organ unable to produce insulin.
The researchers infused the brains of the diabetic rats with a chemical that limits the function of an enzyme involved in the normal insulin response before injecting the animals with the hormone. Without the normal brain response to insulin, the hormone therapy's efficacy for reducing blood sugar fell by about 35%, Schwartz said. Furthermore, they found that gene therapy interventions designed to increase the brain's insulin response heightened the animals' response to therapy about 2-fold.
Strategies that target the molecules involved in the brain's response to insulin "may therefore prove beneficial in the management of diabetes in humans," the researchers said.
Differences in brain sensitivity to the insulin hormone might also help to explain the often "huge variation in insulin requirement" among otherwise comparable diabetes patients, Schwartz said.
Cell Press
Study shows tight diabetes control does not impact cognitive ability in type 1 diabetes
A study led by researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center provides good news for patients with type 1 diabetes who want to maintain tight blood glucose control and thus significantly reduce their risk of developing the devastating complications of the disease - heart disease, kidney failure, eye disease and blindness, and nerve damage.
Published study shows benefits of Diachrome for people with type 2 diabetes
Nutrition 21, Inc. (NASDAQ: NXXI) today announced the results of a recent placebo controlled, double-blind, randomized, single center study that demonstrated that Diachrome®, a patented combination of chromium picolinate and biotin, safely improves blood glucose levels and cholesterol metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes.
Long-term study shows brain function not impaired by tight diabetes control and hypoglycemia
The landmark Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) funded by the National Institutes of Health, which followed 1,441 people with type 1 diabetes for a decade until 1993, showed conclusively that tight blood glucose control significantly reduces the risk of developing complications of diabetes such as eye, kidney and nerve disease.
Nature press release for 13 September issue
[413127] PHENOMENA: STAGGERED CYCLISTS STAY APART (p127) Staging cycling and orienteering races to prevent the competitors forming into packs may be helped by a Brief Communication in this week’s Nature. In races, cyclists in a pack can move faster than those alone, by taking turns to front the pack and sharing the benefits from reduced air resistance. Orienteers can also profit from travelling in packs by sharing map-reading information. But this makes it difficult to compare the true ability of individuals. Graeme Ackland and David Butler of the University of Edinburgh, UK, constructed a model to predict race conditions that precipitate pack formation. If 13% of competitors can see a
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