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New research shows reactivating single memory does not affect associated memories
February 14, 2006Researchers at a trio of universities have found that reactivating a specific memory does not affect associated or related memories, adding to our understanding of how memories are stored and influenced. The study appears in the latest issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The study's authors are Jacek Debiec and Joseph LeDoux of New York University's Center for Neural Science, Valérie DoyĂ®re of NYU and Université Paris-Sud, and Karim Nader, a psychology professor at McGill University.
Memories are made in stages. These initial stages involve learning followed by consolidation-a process during which the memory trace is formed. Unconsolidated memories are susceptible to disruption. Therefore, various pharmacological agents or interfering tasks applied before consolidation occurs prevent a memory from persisting. However, once consolidation occurs, memories may be long lasting-one experience may create memories that last a lifetime.
For years it had been believed that consolidated memories were resistant to drug manipulations, which are effective in the early stages of memory formation. However, increasing number of data indicate that reactivation of consolidated memories renders them susceptible to treatments, which may result in either impairment or enhancement of the reactivated memory. This process is often referred to as reconsolidation, which has been proposed as a possible way of treating traumatic memories. Yet, several concerns have been raised that reactivating and disrupting a single memory may also affect other associated memories. Debiec and colleagues found that only directly but not associatively reactivated memories are vulnerable to disruption.
The researchers investigated this process by testing laboratory rats. After demonstrating the presence of associated memories in the rats, the researchers tested how the reactivation of a single memory-in this case, the rats' response to a mild electric shock that followed an audio tone-affected associated memories. They found that while the reactivated memory became subject to disruption, associated memories were not affected.
Experimental studies showing that reactivation of existing memories makes them susceptible to pharmacologic interventions raised hopes that reconsolidation may be used to treat debilitating traumatic memories, such as those that occur in post-traumatic stress disorder. However, several concerns have been raised. One of the most common worries is that manipulating with the reactivated memory may also affect other associated memories. The current study demonstrates that in animal models only directly reactivated but not associated memories are vulnerable to disruption. If confirmed in humans these results may the pave the way to developing novel treatments of intrusive traumatic memories.
New York University
For years it had been believed that consolidated memories were resistant to drug manipulations, which are effective in the early stages of memory formation. However, increasing number of data indicate that reactivation of consolidated memories renders them susceptible to treatments, which may result in either impairment or enhancement of the reactivated memory. This process is often referred to as reconsolidation, which has been proposed as a possible way of treating traumatic memories. Yet, several concerns have been raised that reactivating and disrupting a single memory may also affect other associated memories. Debiec and colleagues found that only directly but not associatively reactivated memories are vulnerable to disruption.
The researchers investigated this process by testing laboratory rats. After demonstrating the presence of associated memories in the rats, the researchers tested how the reactivation of a single memory-in this case, the rats' response to a mild electric shock that followed an audio tone-affected associated memories. They found that while the reactivated memory became subject to disruption, associated memories were not affected.
Experimental studies showing that reactivation of existing memories makes them susceptible to pharmacologic interventions raised hopes that reconsolidation may be used to treat debilitating traumatic memories, such as those that occur in post-traumatic stress disorder. However, several concerns have been raised. One of the most common worries is that manipulating with the reactivated memory may also affect other associated memories. The current study demonstrates that in animal models only directly reactivated but not associated memories are vulnerable to disruption. If confirmed in humans these results may the pave the way to developing novel treatments of intrusive traumatic memories.
New York University
Memory Current Events and Memory News RSSSurgery not linked to memory problems in older patients
For years, it has been widely assumed that older adults may experience memory loss and other cognitive problems following surgery. But a new study from researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis questions those assumptions.
Mother's Depression a Risk Factor in Childhood Asthma Symptoms, Study Suggests
Asthma symptoms can worsen in children with depressed mothers, according to research from Johns Hopkins Children's Center published online in the Journal of Pediatric Psychology.
New Down syndrome treatment suggested by Stanford/Packard study in mice
At birth, children with Down syndrome aren't developmentally delayed. But as they age, these kids fall behind. Memory deficits inherent in Down syndrome hinder learning, making it hard for the brain to collect experiences needed for normal cognitive development.
Cognitive dysfunction reversed in mouse model of Down syndrome
A study by neuroscientist William C. Mobley, MD, PhD, chair of the Department of Neurosciences at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, and colleagues at Stanford University Medical School has demonstrated a possible new approach to slowing the inevitable progression of cognitive decline found in Down's syndrome.
Saliva proteins change as women age
In a step toward using human saliva to tell whether those stiff joints, memory lapses, and other telltale signs of aging are normal or red flags for disease, scientists are describing how the protein content of women's saliva change with advancing age.
UCLA study shows brain's ability to reorganize
Visually impaired people appear to be fearless, navigating busy sidewalks and crosswalks, safely finding their way using nothing more than a cane as a guide.
New neuroimaging analysis technique identifies impact of Alzheimer's disease gene in healthy brains
Brain imaging can offer a window into risk for diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A study conducted at the University of Kansas School of Medicine demonstrated that genetic risk is expressed in the brains of even those who are healthy, but carry some risk for AD.
Consumption of certain fish during pregnancy associated with poorer cognitive performance
Children who eat fish more than 3 times per week show a worse performance in the general cognitive, executive and perceptual-manipulative areas.
Does modernization affect children's cognitive development?
Societal and technological changes have taken place at a dizzying pace over recent decades. A new cross-cultural study aimed to determine whether these dramatic changes have had an effect on the thinking skills that are learned over the course of childhood.
Scientists decipher the formation of lasting memories
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have discovered a mechanism that controls the brain's ability to create lasting memories. In experiments on genetically manipulated mice, they were able to switch on and off the animals' ability to form lasting memories by adding a substance to their drinking water.
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