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Scientists discover basic defect in cystic fibrosis airway glands
March 20, 2006Bethesda, MD - Scientists at Stanford University have determined that the buildup of sticky mucus found in cystic fibrosis is caused by a loss in the epithelial cell's ability to secrete fluid. This research appears as the "Paper of the Week" in the March 17 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry, an American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology journal.
Cystic fibrosis is the most common, fatal genetic disease in the United States. It causes the body to produce thick, sticky mucus that builds up in the lungs and blocks the airways. This makes it easy for bacteria to grow and leads to repeated serious lung infections. The thick, sticky mucus can also block tubes in the pancreas, preventing digestive enzymes from reaching the small intestine.
The disorder results from mutations in the gene for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a membrane channel regulator essential for proper salt and water movement across some epithelia. Currently, there are two essentially opposite explanations for the inability of the body to clear mucus from the airways in cystic fibrosis. The first is that the defective CFTR is unable to aid in fluid secretion in cystic fibrosis airway glands. The second explanation is that the glands still secrete fluid via non-CFTR pathways, but the fluid is reabsorbed by other channels. In fact, it has been proposed that one of CFTR's functions is to inhibit the activity of a channel called the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC).
Nam Soo Joo and colleagues at Stanford University attempted to determine which hypothesis was correct by measuring the secretion from glands from patients with cystic fibrosis and from normal pigs. They added ENaC inhibitors to the glands to determine if the channel plays a role in mucus clearance. The researchers found no evidence that the inhibitors altered secretion rates in either normal or cystic fibrosis glands. This suggested that loss of CFTR-mediated fluid secretion is the culprit in cystic fibrosis.
"We previously showed that cystic fibrosis airway glands have defective gland secretion in response to certain drugs," explains Joo. "The results of our present study provide evidence that the defective cystic fibrosis gland secretion is not due to a potentially excessive fluid reabsorption pathway within glands but is due to most likely to a lack of fluid secretion from cystic fibrosis glands."
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Nam Soo Joo and colleagues at Stanford University attempted to determine which hypothesis was correct by measuring the secretion from glands from patients with cystic fibrosis and from normal pigs. They added ENaC inhibitors to the glands to determine if the channel plays a role in mucus clearance. The researchers found no evidence that the inhibitors altered secretion rates in either normal or cystic fibrosis glands. This suggested that loss of CFTR-mediated fluid secretion is the culprit in cystic fibrosis.
"We previously showed that cystic fibrosis airway glands have defective gland secretion in response to certain drugs," explains Joo. "The results of our present study provide evidence that the defective cystic fibrosis gland secretion is not due to a potentially excessive fluid reabsorption pathway within glands but is due to most likely to a lack of fluid secretion from cystic fibrosis glands."
American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
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Cystic Fibrosis: A Guide for Patient and Family by David M Orenstein (Editor) Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA. Text is designed specifically for patients with cystic fibrosis and their families. Explains the disease process, outlines the fundamentals of diagnosing and screening, and addresses the challenges of treatment for those living with CF. Includes new material on carrier testing, infection control, and more. Previous edition: c1997. Softcover. |
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Cystic Fibrosis: Everything You Need To Know (Your Personal Health) by Wayne Kepron MD FRCPC (Author) Cystic fibrosis afflicts approximately 30,000 Americans. The average age of survival has been steadily increasing, but not quickly enough: a child born with cystic fibrosis today can only expect to live 35 to 40 years. In this valuable new addition to the Your Personal Health series, Dr. Wayne Kepron offers a comprehensive look at the disease that afflicts so many young people. Topics include: - Symptoms of cystic fibrosis - Making a diagnosis - Complications of the disease - Treatments (including lung transplants) - Techniques and precautions in lung care - Transition into adulthood - Prospects for gene therapy - End-of-life issues Using diagrams, charts and case studies, Cystic Fibrosis is designed for patients, their families, and caregivers. It is both a quick... |
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With Every Breath: stories by and about people living with cystic fibrosis by Katherine Russell and Margot Russell (Author), Katherine Russell and Margot Russell (Editor) Over 30,000 people in the US have cystic fibrosis, a life-threatening genetic disease that affects the lungs and digestive system. Physically, fighting it is a very perilous struggle. Emotionally, coping can oftentimes be even harder. With Every Breath consists of stories by and about people living with cystic fibrosis. Created to motivate, inspire, and generate positivity for those living with cystic fibrosis, this book is something you can open time and time again. Designed for all ages, this collection of diverse stories offers unique perspectives from patients, a CF doctor and nurse, and family members of those living with the illness. Patients aren't the only ones who will want to read With Every Breath as family members, friends, and doctors can all find inspiration when they... |
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Cystic Fibrosis (Facts) by Ann Harris (Author), Anne Thomson (Author) Cystic Fibrosis: The Facts provides a much needed simple and understandable source book about this disease. It is aimed at those living with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), either themselves or members of their families or their friends. The book explains clearly what is happening to the body in CF, what causes it and what treatment options are available for the different aspects of the disease. There are more detailed chapters for those wanting to find out about the genetics of the disease and specific aspects such as how it affects life choices and employment. It looks to the future in terms of potential new therapies for CF and provides useful information on organizations that can provide help and further information across those areas of the world where the disease is prevalent. |
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The Stones Applaud: How Cystic Fibrosis Shaped My Childhood by Teresa Anne Mullin (Author) Teresa Mullin was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis at four years of age, but it was not until she was nine that she learned most children with the disease were not expected to live to adulthood. What had been a nuisance soon became a force that molded her childhood, youth, and future. In The Stones Applaud, Mullin writes of absences from school, serving as a poster child, frequent hospitalizations, medical treatments, and most painful the isolation that came with cystic fibrosis, an inherited condition that damages the lungs and affects the digestive system. With dry humor and sharp insights, Mullin describes her battles with the disease, teachers, fellow students, and even medical professionals who tried to hold her back from experiencing life. Alternately funny, frank, poignant, and... |
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Cystic Fibrosis by Margaret Hodson (Author), Duncan Geddes (Author), Andrew Bush (Author) This international and authoritative work, which brings together current knowledge in the field of cystic fibrosis, has become established in previous editions as a leading reference in the field. The third edition continues to provide everything that the clinician or allied health professional treating patients with cystic fibrosis will need in a single manageable volume. Thoroughly revised and updated throughout, it reflects the significant advances that have been made in the field since the second edition published in 2000. Cystic Fibrosis outlines in detail the basic science that underlies the disease and its progression, putting it into a clinical context. Diagnostic and clinical aspects are covered in depth, as are monitoring the condition and the importance of... |
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Understanding Cystic Fibrosis (Understanding Health and Sickness Series) by Ph.D., Karen Hopkin (Author) Since the discovery of the CF gene in 1989, scientists have learned a great deal about the biology of this disease which strikes one child in every 3,300 births. With the gene pinpointed, scientists are now working on ways to replace it and are developing better tests for earlier diagnosis. Understanding CF charts the progress that has been made in a disease whose symptoms can range from mild respiratory distress to life-threatening lung infections |
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Taking Cystic Fibrosis to School by Cynthia S. Henry (Author), Cynthia S. Henry (Author), Tom Dineen (Author), Tom Dineen (Illustrator) These beautifully illustrated and fun-to-read storybooks simplify and normalize complicated childhood conditions, like cystic fibrosis. When read aloud, other children can identify why a peer may be treated differently and begin to empathize with them. In addition, children whose conditions set them apart as being different begin to feel accepted and safe. Each book includes a Kids' Quiz to reinforce new information and Ten Tips for Teachers to provide additional facts and ideas for teacher use. In Taking Cystic Fibrosis to School, Jessie explains to her classmates that even though she has cystic fibrosis, she can still attend school. |
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Cadberry's Letters by Jennifer Racek (Author) Cadberry's mom is very forgetful. Every time they visit his doctor together she talks about C & F. She never remembers the other letters. When Cadberry draws a set of letters to help his mother remember them all, he discovers what C & F really mean and how those two tiny letters affect so much of his life. Developed for pre-school-age children, Cadberry's Letters uses simple, easy-to-follow language to explain Cystic Fibrosis and the daily care that goes along with it in terms young children can understand. Children will learn along with Cadberry about things like Pancreatic Enzymes, Chest Physical Therapy and more. Bright, full-page illustrations bring the story to life and feature a lot of the equipment and medications CF patients may use in their daily lives. |
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