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Fat cells around coronary arteries may play a role in heart disease

April 05, 2006

The fat cells that surround coronary arteries may play a central and previously unrecognized role in development of cardiovascular disease, according to a study by University of Iowa researchers.

Dr. Lynn Stoll presented the research team's findings on April 4 at Experimental Biology 2006 in San Francisco. Her presentation was part of the scientific program of the American Society of Investigative Pathology.

Once thought of as mere storage depots for excess energy, fat cells ("adipocytes") are now known to be highly active metabolically, releasing potent pro-inflammatory proteins and hormones that regulate inflammation, blood pressure, insulin activity, and other biological processes. Where fat cells are located has a major influence on their impact, as seen in the fact that visceral fat surrounding the internal organs ("apple" body shape) is far more highly correlated with development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease than subcutaneous fat in the thighs and buttocks (pear\\\

Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

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Redefining obesity's health risks
The body mass index (BMI) has long been the yardstick in deciding who is at risk because of their weight. BMI is essentially a measure of density, identifying 'under-' and 'over-weight' risk groups.

Researchers identify new brain pathway for regulating weight and bone mass
Contrary to the prevailing view, the hormone leptin, which is critical for normal food intake and metabolism, appears to regulate bone mass and suppress appetite by acting mainly through serotonin pathways in the brain.

Large fat cells may increase risk of type 2 diabetes in women
Middle-aged women with large abdominal fat cells have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life compared to women with smaller fat cells.

Size of fat cells and waist size predict type 2 diabetes in women
When it comes to assessing risk for type 2 diabetes, not only do waistlines matter to women, but so does the size of their fat cells.

'Liposuction leftovers' easily converted to IPS cells, Stanford study shows
Globs of human fat removed during liposuction conceal versatile cells that are more quickly and easily coaxed to become induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, than are the skin cells most often used by researchers.

Exercise Minimizes Weight Regain By Reducing Appetite, Burning Fat, And Lowering 'Defended' Body Weight
Exercise helps prevent weight regain after dieting by reducing appetite and by burning fat before burning carbohydrates.

New information about how fat increases blood pressure could help identify those at risk
Some of the first information about how fat causes hypertension have been identified by researchers who say the findings should one day help identify which obese people - and maybe some thin ones too - are at risk for hypertension and which drugs would work best for them.

UCF discovery could open door to obesity, diabetes treatments
At a time of alarming increases in obesity and associated diseases -- and fiery debates about the cost of health care -- a UCF research team has identified a new genetic mechanism that controls the body's fat-building process.

Scarring key to link between obesity and diabetes
The team, in collaboration with University Hospital Aintree, the University of Warwick and researchers in Sweden, found that people classified as obese and those with pre-diabetes have raised levels of a protein called SPARC, that can cause tissue scarring.

Study: being active as a preschooler pays off later in childhood
Being active at age 5 helps kids stay lean as they age even if they don't remain as active later in childhood, a new University of Iowa study shows.

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