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Stroke patients may be more likely to experience memory decline
April 11, 2006A history of stroke may be associated with progressive memory difficulties in patients without dementia or cognitive impairment, according to a study in the April issue of Archives of Neurology, one of the JAMA/Archives journals.
Cerebrovascular disease, which includes stroke, is the second leading cause of death and the major cause of long-term disability in Western societies, according to background information in the article. Several studies have shown that risk factors for vascular disease, such as diabetes and hypertension, are associated with stroke, which in turn may increase the risk for dementia and Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains unclear whether stroke is directly related to cognitive decline-increasing problems with thinking, learning and memory-in patients without dementia or cognitive impairment.
Christiane Reitz, M.D., and colleagues at Columbia University, New York, studied 1,271 elderly patients (386 men, 885 women, with an average age of 76.2 years) without dementia or cognitive impairment. Between Jan. 4, 1992, and Dec. 24, 1994, participants underwent an initial interview and evaluation and also took a series of neuropsychological tests to gauge their cognitive abilities. They were then examined at 18-month intervals through Nov. 24, 1999.
At the beginning of the study, 7.6 percent of patients had a history of stroke. All participants experienced a decline in memory over time, but the decline was more rapid in those patients with a history of stroke. The association was stronger in men and individuals without a particular type of gene known as an APOEĆå4 allele, which has been linked to Alzheimer's disease in previous research. Abstract/visuospatial abilities, which do not involve language, also declined among men and those without the APOEĆå4 allele who also had a history of stroke.
"The mechanisms by which stroke increases the risk of cognitive decline are not clear," the authors write. Stroke may increase the risk of memory problems by destroying or damaging certain areas of the brain or by triggering the deposit of materials that form the hallmark brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. "It is also possible that the occurrence of stroke adds cognitive deficits in person with subclinical Alzheimer's disease that bring them over the diagnostic threshold and that stroke does not have a direct specific effect on Alzheimer's disease."
"A history of stroke is related to a progressive decline in memory and abstract/visuospatial performance, especially among men and those without an APOEĆå4 allele," they conclude.
JAMA and Archives Journals
At the beginning of the study, 7.6 percent of patients had a history of stroke. All participants experienced a decline in memory over time, but the decline was more rapid in those patients with a history of stroke. The association was stronger in men and individuals without a particular type of gene known as an APOEĆå4 allele, which has been linked to Alzheimer's disease in previous research. Abstract/visuospatial abilities, which do not involve language, also declined among men and those without the APOEĆå4 allele who also had a history of stroke.
"The mechanisms by which stroke increases the risk of cognitive decline are not clear," the authors write. Stroke may increase the risk of memory problems by destroying or damaging certain areas of the brain or by triggering the deposit of materials that form the hallmark brain plaques associated with Alzheimer's disease. "It is also possible that the occurrence of stroke adds cognitive deficits in person with subclinical Alzheimer's disease that bring them over the diagnostic threshold and that stroke does not have a direct specific effect on Alzheimer's disease."
"A history of stroke is related to a progressive decline in memory and abstract/visuospatial performance, especially among men and those without an APOEĆå4 allele," they conclude.
JAMA and Archives Journals
Memory Decline Current Events and Memory Decline News RSSMount Sinai researchers find phone assessment effective for evaluating cognition in the elderly
Cognitive testing by telephone in elderly individuals is generally as effective as in-person testing, according to a new study by Effie M. Mitsis, PhD, Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at Mount Sinai School of Medicine and part of Mount Sinai's Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. The study will appear in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry.
Essential nutrient found in eggs may help lower risk of neural tube defects
Research published online in the journal Epidemiology found that higher levels of total blood choline are associated with a 2.5-fold reduction in risk for neural tube birth defects (NTDs).
Some blood pressure drugs may help protect against dementia, study shows
A particular class of medication used to treat high blood pressure could protect older adults against memory decline and other impairments in cognitive function, according to a newly published study from Wake Forest University School of Medicine.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis may pose neurological risks
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has helped many couples conceive healthy children and is generally considered a safe practice.
Caffeine reverses memory impairment in Alzheimer's mice
Coffee drinkers may have another reason to pour that extra cup. When aged mice bred to develop symptoms of Alzheimer's disease were given caffeine - the equivalent of five cups of coffee a day - their memory impairment was reversed.
Blood stem cell growth factor reverses memory decline in mice
A human growth factor that stimulates blood stem cells to proliferate in the bone marrow reverses memory impairment in mice genetically altered to develop Alzheimer's disease, researchers at the University of South Florida and James A. Haley Hospital found.
Automated analysis of MR images may identify early Alzheimer's disease
Analyzing MRI studies of the brain with software developed at the Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) may allow diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and of mild cognitive impairment, a lesser form of dementia that precedes the development of Alzheimer's by several years.
Memory loss and other cognitive impairment becoming less common in older Americans, study finds
Although it's too soon to sound the death knell for the "senior moment," it appears that memory loss and thinking problems are becoming less common among older Americans.
New clinical data shows chromium picolinate improves cognitive function
Nutrition 21, Inc. (NASDAQ: NXXI), a leading developer and marketer of chromium-based and omega-3 fish oil-based nutritional supplements, today announced the results of a clinical study that showed daily supplementation with 1000 mcg of chromium as chromium picolinate improved cognitive function in older adults experiencing early memory decline. The results of the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study were presented to the medical community at a neurological meeting.
Columbia Researchers Identify Brain Network That May Help Prevent or Slow Alzheimer's Disease
Columbia University Medical Center researchers have identified a brain network within the frontal lobe that is associated with cognitive reserve, the process that allows individuals to maintain function despite brain function decline due to aging or Alzheimer's disease.
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