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Patients with severe sleep-disordered breathing have high odds of abnormal heart rhythms
April 14, 2006Patients with severe sleep-disordered breathing are two to four times more likely to experience complex, abnormal heart rhythms while sleeping than individuals without the problem, according to the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS).
These findings appear in the April 15 issue of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, published by the American Thoracic Society.
Reena Mehra, M.D., M.S., of University Hospitals of Cleveland at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio, and seven associates compared the prevalence of arrhythmias in 228 patients with sleep-disordered breathing and 338 with no sleep disorder. The individuals in both groups participated in the SHHS, a multi-center longitudinal study of designed to determine the cardiovascular consequences of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).
SDB is an illness in which a sleeping individual repeatedly stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer before resuming air intake. These stoppages decrease the amount of oxygen and increase the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and brain. In this study, participants with SDB had a respiratory disturbance index that averaged about 44 pauses per hour of sleep. The control subjects experienced only 2.8 interruptions per hour.
"Individuals with sleep-disordered breathing had four times the odds of atrial fibrillation and three times the odds of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia," said Dr. Mehra.
Atrial fibrillation consists of very rapid contractions of the atria (the upper chambers of the heart), leading the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart) to beat irregularly. This results in decreased heart output and potential for clot formation. Tachycardia is defined by abnormally rapid heart beats-over 100 beats per minute in an adult.
"Consistent with the study design, no sex or race differences were observed between groups," said Dr. Mehra. "However, the SDB group was modestly older and had a higher body mass index than the control patients." She added that arrhythmias generally tended to occur during sleep as opposed to periods of wakefulness.
The investigation included a detailed assessment of the existing cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease in all participants.
"The results of this study have potentially important clinical implications because they suggest an increased vulnerability to nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias in individuals with SDB and provide an explanation for the observed increase in sudden nocturnal death recently reported with sleep apnea," said Dr. Mehra.
American Thoracic Society
SDB is an illness in which a sleeping individual repeatedly stops breathing for 10 seconds or longer before resuming air intake. These stoppages decrease the amount of oxygen and increase the level of carbon dioxide in the blood and brain. In this study, participants with SDB had a respiratory disturbance index that averaged about 44 pauses per hour of sleep. The control subjects experienced only 2.8 interruptions per hour.
"Individuals with sleep-disordered breathing had four times the odds of atrial fibrillation and three times the odds of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia," said Dr. Mehra.
Atrial fibrillation consists of very rapid contractions of the atria (the upper chambers of the heart), leading the ventricles (the lower chambers of the heart) to beat irregularly. This results in decreased heart output and potential for clot formation. Tachycardia is defined by abnormally rapid heart beats-over 100 beats per minute in an adult.
"Consistent with the study design, no sex or race differences were observed between groups," said Dr. Mehra. "However, the SDB group was modestly older and had a higher body mass index than the control patients." She added that arrhythmias generally tended to occur during sleep as opposed to periods of wakefulness.
The investigation included a detailed assessment of the existing cardiovascular risk factors and/or disease in all participants.
"The results of this study have potentially important clinical implications because they suggest an increased vulnerability to nocturnal cardiac arrhythmias in individuals with SDB and provide an explanation for the observed increase in sudden nocturnal death recently reported with sleep apnea," said Dr. Mehra.
American Thoracic Society
Sleep-disordered Breathing Current Events and Sleep-disordered Breathing News RSSSevere sleep apnea tied to increased risk of death
Moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of death from any cause in middle-aged adults, especially men, according to new results from a landmark study supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Older men with breathing problems during sleep more likely to have irregular heartbeats
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Study links ADHD with sleep problems in adolescents
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Cardiac arrhythmias are often accompanied by sleep-disordered breathing
Breathing during sleep is often impaired in patients with atrial fibrillation. In the current edition of Deutsches Ärzteblatt International (Dtsch Arztebl Int 2009; 106(10): 164-70), Thomas Bitter and his coauthors from the Ruhr University in Bochum investigate how often sleep-disordered breathing occurs in this form of cardiac arrythmia and what the different types are.
Obesity linked to dangerous sleep apnea in truck drivers
Truck crashes are a significant public health hazard causing thousands of deaths and injuries each year, with driver fatigue and sleepiness being major causes.
Video imaging provides dynamic view of airway obstruction in those with sleep breathing disorder
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Study finds genetic link between sleep disorders and depression in young children
A study in the Feb. 1 issue of the journal SLEEP was the first to use twin data to examine the longitudinal link between sleep problems and depression.
New light on link between snoring and cognitive deficits in children
About two-thirds of children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)- snoring or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)- have some degree of cognitive deficit, but the severity of the cognitive deficit has been notoriously difficult to correlate to the severity of the SDB.
What a Sleep Study Can Reveal About Fibromyalgia
Research engineers and sleep medicine specialists from two Michigan universities have joined technical and clinical hands to put innovative quantitative analysis, signal-processing technology and computer algorithms to work in the sleep lab.
Study shows heavy snoring is an independent risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis
A study in the Sept. 1 issue of the journal Sleep shows that objectively measured heavy snoring is an independent risk factor for early carotid atherosclerosis, which may progress to be associated with stroke.
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