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Bioactive cement scaffold may improve bone grafts
April 18, 2006A new technology for implants that may improve construction or repair of bones in the face, skull and jaw, has been developed by researchers from the American Dental Association Foundation (ADAF) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
Described in recent and upcoming journal articles,* the new technology provides a method for making scaffolds for bone tissue. The scaffold is seeded with a patient's own cells and is formed with a cement paste made of minerals also found in natural bone. The paste is mixed with beads of a natural polymer (made from seaweed) filled with bone cells. The paste is shaped or injected into a bone cavity and then allowed to harden with the encapsulated cells dispersed throughout the structure. The natural polymer beads gradually dissolve when exposed to the body's fluids, creating a scaffold that is filled by the now released bone cells.
The cement, a calcium phosphate material, is strengthened by adding chitosan, a biopolymer extracted from crustacean shells. The implant is further reinforced to about the same strength as spongy natural bone by covering it with several layers of a biodegradable fiber mesh already used in clinical practice.
"Bone cells are very smart," says Hockin Xu, of the ADAF and principal investigator for the project. "They can tell the difference between materials that are bioactive compared to bioinert polymers. Our material is designed to be similar to mineral in bone so that cells readily attach to the scaffold." The researchers used mouse bone cells in their experiments, but in practice surgeons would use cells cultured from patient samples. In addition to creating pores in the hardened cement, the natural polymer beads protect the cells during the 30 minutes required for the cement to harden. Future experiments will develop methods for improving the material's mechanical properties by using smaller encapsulating beads that biodegrade at a predictable rate.
NIST and the American Dental Association Foundation have conducted cooperative research on dental and medical materials since 1928. ADAF researchers focus on development of new dental materials, while NIST specializes in the development of improved technologies and methods for measuring materials properties.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
"Bone cells are very smart," says Hockin Xu, of the ADAF and principal investigator for the project. "They can tell the difference between materials that are bioactive compared to bioinert polymers. Our material is designed to be similar to mineral in bone so that cells readily attach to the scaffold." The researchers used mouse bone cells in their experiments, but in practice surgeons would use cells cultured from patient samples. In addition to creating pores in the hardened cement, the natural polymer beads protect the cells during the 30 minutes required for the cement to harden. Future experiments will develop methods for improving the material's mechanical properties by using smaller encapsulating beads that biodegrade at a predictable rate.
NIST and the American Dental Association Foundation have conducted cooperative research on dental and medical materials since 1928. ADAF researchers focus on development of new dental materials, while NIST specializes in the development of improved technologies and methods for measuring materials properties.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Bone Grafts Current Events and Bone Grafts News RSS'Sticky nanotubes' hold key to future technologies
Researchers at Purdue University are the first to precisely measure the forces required to peel tiny nanotubes off of other materials, opening up the possibility of creating standards for nano-manufacturing and harnessing a gecko's ability to walk up walls.
High-resolution CT scan modeling for creating facial implants aids in facial reconstruction surgery
A preliminary study suggests that high-resolution computed tomography (CT) modeling allows surgeons to custom-design acrylic implants prior to reconstructive surgery for patients with severe defects in their faces and eye cavities.
Bone research that grows on you
Rapid and guided healing of bones has moved a step closer with research by two biomedical engineering students who have found new ways to deliver bone growth enhancers directly to broken or weakened bones.
Protein-coated dental implants could improve bone regeneration
Titanium dental implants coated with proteins that induce bone formation may be a key advancement in treating tooth loss due to gum disease, researchers say.
Bayer launches Phase III clinical study of Trasylol in elective spinal fusion surgery
Bayer Pharmaceuticals Corporation (NYSE: BAY) today announced the initiation of a Phase III clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Trasylol (aprotinin injection) in reducing blood loss and the need for transfusion in adult patients undergoing elective spinal fusion surgery.
Nanospheres that block pain of sensitive teeth
Nanospheres could help dentists fill the tiny holes in our teeth that make them incredibly sensitive, and that cause severe pain for millions of adults and children worldwide.
University of Manchester makes made-to-measure skin and bones a reality using inkjet printers
Made-to-measure skin and bones, which could be used to treat burn victims or patients who have suffered severe disfigurements, may soon be a reality using inkjets which can print human cells. Scientists at The University of Manchester have developed the breakthrough technology which will allow tailor-made tissues and bones to be grown, simply by inputting their dimensions into a computer. Professor Brian Derby, Head of the Ink-Jet Printing of Human Cells Project research team, said: "It is difficult for a surgeon to reconstruct any complex disfiguring of the face using CT scans, but with this technology we are able to build a fragment which will fit exactly. We can place cells in any
Man enjoys first meal for 9 years after new procedure for creating and transplanting jaw-bone graft (pp 735, 766)
"By the 4th week post-transplantation the patient enjoyed his first dinner in 9 years (bread and sausages); before reconstruction he had only been able to eat soft food and soup".
Orthogem Ltd raises £250,000 for synthetic bone graft material
Orthogem Ltd has closed a funding round of £250,000 to develop its innovative synthetic bone graft material. A substantial part of the finance has been raised from business angel investors in The Oxfordshire Investment Opportunity Network (OION), Europe's most successful business angel network. Additional amounts have been secured from a mix of investors including NESTA (the National Endowment for Science, Technology and the Arts), The Oxford Technology 2 Venture Capital Trust, as the lead investor, and private investors. Based in Nottingham, Orthogem is developing a synthetic bone graft material for use in the large and growing global orthopaedic market for synthetic bone substitutes.
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Bone Grafts And Bone Graft Substitutes (Monograph Series (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)) by Gary E. Friedlaender (Editor), Henry J., M.D. Mankin (Editor), Victor M. Goldberg (Editor) This work helps you: review the many considerations in choosing bone grafts or graft substitutes, and hone your understanding of bone regeneration; and, explore the biological and biomechanical properties of graft alternatives, including autograpfts; allografts or xenografts; biologics; and synthetics. The chapters cover the use of bone grafts in oncology, spine, joint replacement, and more. The "Monograph Series" draws on current literature to support diagnosis, initial treatment, and management decision making for specific orthopaedic conditions. "Complications in Orthopaedics" is a richly illustrated, in-depth case-based discussion of treatment options for specific orthopaedic complications - and how to prevent the complications from occurring in the first place! |
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The Graft in the Girl Also With: Barry Josephson (Producer), Stephen Nathan (Producer), Jonathan Pontell (Producer) |
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Implant Dentistry and Extraction Site Bone Grafting by Tischler Dental Seminars This 4 1/2 hour live instructional DVD covers many topics that will offer the general dentist and overview of Dental Implants and Extraction site bone grafting. Simplifying Fixed Implant Dental Prosthetics Justification of Dental Implant Treatment Treatment Planning Implant Dentistry Radiographs and CT Imaging Principles For Implant Dentistry Provisional Considerations for Implant Dentistry Dental Implants In The Esthetic Zone Clinical Application and Rationale Of Extraction Site Grafting Treatment Planning Extraction Grafts Bone Physiology / Cellular Sequence of Grafting Choosing The Appropriate Graft Material The Keys To Bone Grafting |
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Secondary Rhinoplasty: Cranial Bone Graft [VHS] Starring: Jack H. Sheen | |
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Bone Grafts and Bone Substitutes: Basic Science and Clinical Applications by Aziz Nather (Editor) This book provides the latest updates on the major challenges of bridging large bone defects, where options range from autografts, “tissue engineered bone”, biomaterials (hydroxyapatite, polycaprolactone and third generation biomaterials) to prostheses. Emphasis has been made on bone tissue engineering, the current state-of-the-art in this field, problems encountered with cell culture technology, scaffolds and bone growth factors (including genomics) and the use of gene therapy for the application of bone growth factors. Attention has also been given to the use of bone autografts. It also covers the use of biomaterials and prostheses as other options for reconstruction. Clinical applications, in addition to the basic science, are also included throughout the discussions. |
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Bone Fragments Dazzling Killmen (Primary Contributor) |
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Biomaterials Engineering and Devices: Human Applications, Volume 2: Orthopedic, Dental, and Bone Graft Applications by Donald L. Wise (Editor), Debra J. Trantolo (Editor), Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski (Editor), Joseph D. Gresser (Editor), Mario V. Cattaneo (Editor) Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA. Integrates the basic science, engineering, and the practical medical experience. For bioengineering professionals. Addresses biomaterial behavior, toxicology, and compatibility. |
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The Sinus Bone Graft by Ole T. Jensen (Author), Ole T. Jensen (Editor) This completely revised and greatly expanded edition offers authoritative recommendations concerning all aspects of sinus bone grafting procedures for rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla. Written for the uninitiated as well as the experienced clinician, this comprehensive clinical monograph also guides readers through the maze of new materials and techniques that have been introduced to improve upon or even supplant this procedure. It answers questions such as whether autogenous bone is necessary and where best to harvest it; which bone substitutes are most effective in regenerating bone and how safe they are to use; what contraindications exist, and what complications might be expected; what characteristics of size/shape/surface morphology are most important in choosing an implant;... |
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Video Perspectives in Rhinoplasty; Adjunctive Techniques in Rhinoplasty: Harvesting Cranial Bone for Nasal Grafts [VHS] by Quality Medical Publishing (Publisher) | |
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Bone-graft surgery, by Fred H Albee (Author) |
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