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Growing glowing nanowires to light up the nanoworld
May 26, 2006The nano world is getting brighter. Nanowires made of semiconductor materials are being used to make prototype lasers and light-emitting diodes with emission apertures roughly 100 nm in diameter-about 50 times narrower than conventional counterparts. Nanolight sources may have many applications, including "lab on a chip" devices for identifying chemicals and biological agents, scanning-probe microscope tips for imaging objects smaller than is currently possible, or ultra-precise tools for laser surgery and electronics manufacturing.
Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are growing nanowires made of gallium nitride alloys and making prototype devices and nanometrology tools. The wires are grown under high vacuum by depositing atoms layer by layer on a silicon crystal. NIST is one of few laboratories capable of growing such semiconductor nanowires without using metal catalysts, an approach believed to enhance luminescence and flexibility in crystal design. The wires are generally between 30 and 500 nanometers (nm) in diameter and up to 12 micrometers long. When excited with a laser or electric current, the wires emit an intense glow in the ultraviolet or visible parts of the spectrum, depending on the alloy composition.
A paper in the May 22 issue of Applied Physics Letters reports that individual nanowires grown at NIST produce sufficiently intense light to enable reliable room-temperature measurements of their important characteristics. For example, the peak wavelength of light emitted with electric field parallel to the long axis of a nanowire is shifted with respect to the peak wavelength emitted with electric field perpendicular to the wire. Such differences in emission are used to characterize the nanowire materials and also may be exploited to make sensors and other devices.
NIST has grown a variety of nanowires and extensively characterized their structural and optical properties, finding few defects, strains or impurities, which results in high light output compared to the bulk material.* The wires also can be transferred from the silicon crystal to other substrates, such as sapphire, and arranged using electric fields. The NIST team has used the nanowires to make a number of prototype devices, including light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and nanowire "bridge" structures that may be useful in sensors and nanoscale mechanical resonators.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
NIST has grown a variety of nanowires and extensively characterized their structural and optical properties, finding few defects, strains or impurities, which results in high light output compared to the bulk material.* The wires also can be transferred from the silicon crystal to other substrates, such as sapphire, and arranged using electric fields. The NIST team has used the nanowires to make a number of prototype devices, including light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and nanowire "bridge" structures that may be useful in sensors and nanoscale mechanical resonators.
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Nanowires Current Events and Nanowires News RSSUnderstanding mechanical properties of silicon nanowires paves way for nanodevices
Silicon nanowires are attracting significant attention from the electronics industry due to the drive for ever-smaller electronic devices, from cell phones to computers.
LANL Roadrunner simulates nanoscale material failure
Very tiny wires, called nanowires, made from such metals as silver and gold, may play a crucial role as electrical or mechanical switches in the development of future-generation ultrasmall nanodevices.
Science at the Petascale: Roadrunner Results Unveiled
The world's fastest supercomputer, Roadrunner, at Los Alamos National Laboratory has completed its initial "shakedown" phase doing accelerated petascale computer modeling and simulations of a variety of unclassified, fundamental science projects.
Transforming Nanowires Into Nano-Tools Using Cation Exchange Reactions
A team of engineers from the University of Pennsylvania has transformed simple nanowires into reconfigurable materials and circuits, demonstrating a novel, self-assembling method for chemically creating nanoscale structures that are not possible to grow or obtain otherwise.
Berkeley researchers create first hyperlens for sound waves
Ultrasound and underwater sonar devices could "see" a big improvement thanks to development of the world's first acoustic hyperlens. Created by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), the acoustic hyperlens provides an eightfold boost in the magnification power of sound-based imaging technologies.
Nanowire biocompatibility in the brain: So far so good
The biological safety of nanotechnology, in other words, how the body reacts to nanoparticles, is a hot topic. Researchers at Lund University in Sweden have managed for the first time to carry out successful experiments involving the injection of so-called 'nanowires.'
Harvard scientists bend nanowires into 2-D and 3-D structures
Taking nanomaterials to a new level of structural complexity, scientists have determined how to introduce kinks into arrow-straight nanowires, transforming them into zigzagging two- and three-dimensional structures with correspondingly advanced functions.
Putting a Strain on Nanowires Could Yield Colossal Results
In finally answering an elusive scientific question, researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) have shown that the selective placement of strain can alter the electronic phase and its spatial arrangement in correlated electron materials.
Friction force differences could offer a new means for sorting and assembling nanotubes
Nanotubes and nanowires are promising building blocks for future integrated nanoelectronic and photonic circuits, nanosensors, interconnects and electro-mechanical nanodevices. But some fundamental issues remain to be resolved - among them, how to position and manipulate the tiny tubes.
Making more efficient fuel cells
Bacteria that generate significant amounts of electricity could be used in microbial fuel cells to provide power in remote environments or to convert waste to electricity.
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Inorganic Nanowires: Applications, Properties, and Characterization by M. Meyyappan (Author), Mahendra K. Sunkara (Author) Advances in nanofabrication, characterization tools, and the drive to commercialize nanotechnology products have contributed to the significant increase in research on inorganic nanowires (INWs). Yet few if any books provide the necessary comprehensive and coherent account of this important evolution. Presenting essential information on both popular and emerging varieties, Inorganic Nanowires: Applications, Properties, and Characterization addresses the growth, characterization, and properties of nanowires. Authors Meyyappan—a NASA scientist and renowned leader in nanoscience and technology—and Sunkara—a major contributor to nanowire literature—offer an in-depth overview of various types of nanowires, including semiconducting, metallic, and oxide varieties.... |
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Oakley Men's Nanowire 3.0 Iridium Polarized Sunglasses,Polished Black Frame/Black Lens,one size by Oakley OAKLEY NANOWIRE 3.0 POLARIZED 12-919 SUNGLASSES FRAME: POLISHED BLACK LENS: BLACK IRIDIUM POLARIZED MODEL # 12-919 |
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Oakley Oakley Nanowire 2.0 Men's Polarized Active Race Wear Sunglasses - Color: Pewter/Black Iridium, Size: One Size Fits All by Oakley Our athletes spend a lot of time defying gravity, so we figured they should have a lifestyle sunglass that does the same. It's made of an ultra-lightweight titanium alloy that lets us create sculptural contours without sacrificing flexibility, so even if you're just competing in the rat race, you can take advantage of memory metal that offers an adaptable fit. But the real marvel of engineering is the way we packed so much innovation into so light a frame. The unbeatable clarity of HIGH DEFINITION OPTICS (HDO) has been matched with the finest technologies ever to tame light rays. OAKLEY NANOWIRE blocks glare with 99% polarization efficiency, thanks to the best polarized lenses on the planet. Our permanent HYDROPHOBIC lens coating repels water, skin oils and dust. IRIDIUM lens... |
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Oakley Men's Nanowire 3.0 Iridium Polarized Sunglasses,Brown Chrome Frame/VR28 Black Lens,one size by Oakley The Oakley Nanowire 3.0 Sunglasses offer the largest lens size in the Nanowire family. These sunglasses features a ultra-lightweight titanium memory metal frame and polarized lenses to give you a wrap-around sunglass that's comfy enough to wear all day. Oakley's patented High Definition Optics give you precision-milled lenses to give you distortion-free vision so you maintain your visual acuity whether you're driving in rush hour traffic or staring down a bottleneck fairway on the links. Oakley placed adjustable silicon nosepieces to give you a snug yet comfortable fit. The Nanowire 3.0's lenses block out 100% of UVA rays and harmful UVB rays. Product FeaturesFrame: Titanium alloyHinge Type: Titanium alloyLens: Plutonite polycarbonateInterchangeable Lens: NoPolarized: YesFace... |
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Nanowires and Nanobelts: Materials, Properties and Devices: Volume 1: Metal and Semiconductor Nanowires by Zhong Lin Wang (Editor) This two volume reference, Nanowires and Nanobelts: Materials, Properties and Devices, provides a comprehensive introduction to the field and reviews the current state of the research. Volume 1, Metal and Semiconductor Nanowires covers a wide range of materials systems, from noble metals (such as Au, Ag, Cu), single element semiconductors (such as Si and Ge), compound semiconductors (such as InP, CdS and GaAs as well as heterostructures), nitrides (such as GaN and Si3N4) to carbides (such as SiC). The objective of this volume is to cover the synthesis, properties and device applications of nanowires based on metal and semiconductor materials. The volume starts with a review on novel electronic and optical nanodevices, nanosensors and logic circuits that have been built using... |
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Oakley Men's Nanowire 4.0 Iridium Polarized Sunglasses,Matte Black Frame/Black Lens,one size by Oakley Oakley crafted the Nanowire 4.0 Polarized Sunglasses with a high quality titanium alloy and its high Definition Optics for a light weight and glare-reducing performance, whether you're on the slopes or the water. The Nanowire's titanium memory metal provides a flexible and adaptable fit, and the Unobtanium pads increase their grip when you sweat. The hydrophobic coating repels water, dust, dirt and skin oils, and an Iridium lense coating balances light transmission and filters 100% of UV rays. Product FeaturesFrame: Titanium alloy Hinge Type: SteelLens: Glass, PolycarbonateInterchangeable Lens: No Polarized: Yes Face Size: MediumCase Type: Hard Nose Pads: Yes Arm Pads: Yes Recommended Use: Casual, activeManufacturer Warranty:... |
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Nanowires and Nanobelts: Materials, Properties and Devices: Volume 2: Nanowires and Nanobelts of Functional Materials by Zhong Lin Wang (Editor) Nanowires, nanobelts, nanoribbons, nanorods ..., are a new class of quasi-one-dimensional materials that have been attracting a great research interest in the last few years. These non-carbon based materials have been demonstrated to exhibit superior electrical, optical, mechanical and thermal properties, and can be used as fundamental building blocks for nano-scale science and technology, ranging from chemical and biological sensors, field effect transistors to logic circuits. Nanocircuits built using semiconductor nanowires demonstrated were declared a "breakthrough in science" by Science magazine in 2001. Nature magazine recently published a report claiming that "Nanowires, nanorods, nanowhiskers, it does not matter what you call them, they are the hottest property in nanotechnology"... |
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Oakley Nanowire 1.0 Men's Polarized Active Lifestyle Racewear Sunglasses - Color: Brown Chrome/Tungsten Iridium, Size: One Size Fits All by Oakley |
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