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New understanding of COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes could lead to revised classification of pain meds, Queen's study shows
May 30, 2006KINGSTON, Ont. — COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes may be blocked by pain medications such as Advil and Vioxx in a more complex manner than was previously understood, a Queen's University study has found.
"The results of the study have potential implications for how we classify the commonly used anti-inflammatory and pain drugs for aches, pains, and fever," says Colin Funk, a professor of Biochemistry and Physiology at Queen's and Canada Research Chair in Molecular, Cellular and Physiologiocal Medicine.
Published on-line in Nature Medicine, the study was conducted in collaboration with University of Pennsylvania researchers.
The study was initiated to explore the biochemistry associated with COX-2 inhibitors such as Vioxx, Bextra and Celebrex, which are now associated with an increased incidence of heart attack and stroke. Researchers looked at mice that were genetically modified so that their COX-2 was inhibited — to create a physiology in mice that roughly mimics that of users of COX-2 inhibitors. They found that the COX-1 enzymes in the mice "hooked up" in an unanticipated way with their remaining COX-2 enzymes creating what is called a new heterodimer.
Dr. Funk's co-researcher, Queen's biochemist Robert Campbell, has developed a computer model to show how the COX-1/COX-2 molecules can associate.
"It's possible the COX-2 inhibitor medications may affect the resulting new enzyme which is a mix of COX-1 and COX-2," says Dr. Funk.
This effect is being further explored by scientists and may lead to a broadened understanding of the biochemistry of common pain medications. It is now pointing toward possible alternatives to drugs like Vioxx and Celebrex, says Dr. Funk.
The study was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.
A study published April 13 by The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) by the same research team found that new types of anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce COX-2 cardiovascular problems. That study was conducted after this one and incorporated the genetically modified mice created in this study.
The JCI study found a drug target that might substitute for COX-2: an enzyme called microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. The researchers showed that this drug did not predispose the animals to thrombosis or elevate blood pressure.
Queen's University
The study was initiated to explore the biochemistry associated with COX-2 inhibitors such as Vioxx, Bextra and Celebrex, which are now associated with an increased incidence of heart attack and stroke. Researchers looked at mice that were genetically modified so that their COX-2 was inhibited — to create a physiology in mice that roughly mimics that of users of COX-2 inhibitors. They found that the COX-1 enzymes in the mice "hooked up" in an unanticipated way with their remaining COX-2 enzymes creating what is called a new heterodimer.
Dr. Funk's co-researcher, Queen's biochemist Robert Campbell, has developed a computer model to show how the COX-1/COX-2 molecules can associate.
"It's possible the COX-2 inhibitor medications may affect the resulting new enzyme which is a mix of COX-1 and COX-2," says Dr. Funk.
This effect is being further explored by scientists and may lead to a broadened understanding of the biochemistry of common pain medications. It is now pointing toward possible alternatives to drugs like Vioxx and Celebrex, says Dr. Funk.
The study was supported by grants from the US National Institutes of Health, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario.
A study published April 13 by The Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) by the same research team found that new types of anti-inflammatory drugs may reduce COX-2 cardiovascular problems. That study was conducted after this one and incorporated the genetically modified mice created in this study.
The JCI study found a drug target that might substitute for COX-2: an enzyme called microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. The researchers showed that this drug did not predispose the animals to thrombosis or elevate blood pressure.
Queen's University
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'Vioxx like' drugs may still be best option for arthritis, write scientists
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Blocking previously unrecognized links between inflammatory systems could make COX-2 inhibitors safe
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Olive oil contains natural anti-inflammatory agent
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Healthy Aging Nutraceuticals Cox-2 Support W/ Nexrutine-Ginger- Tumeric-Proteolitic Enzymes 90 Capsules by Healthy Aging Nutraceuticals |
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Nerve Shield 60 tabs by Redd Remedies Nerve ShieldTM ingredients are supported by thousands of years of tradition and backed by science to support the structure and function of our bodys nervous system. * B-Vitamins are important to the structural integrity of lipids found in the myelin sheath. * Alpha Lipoic Acid has been shown in research to have the ability to promote normal nerve function. * Acetyl L-Carnitine can improve nerve fiber structure. * Phosphatidyl Complex contains lipids that comprise 76% of the myelin sheath. * Huang Bai and Cang Zhu, used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for over 2,000 years, promotes normal circulation and increases flow of qi, or energy to the extremities. * Baikal Skullcap is a potent antioxidant and inhibits the expression of the COX-2 enzyme, responsible for inflammation. *... |
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Source Naturals Minor Pain Comfort (120 tablets) by Source Naturals MINOR PAIN COMFORT? with HUMULEX? (Perluxan?) naturally eases minor pain and inflammation from overexertion or everyday activities. It is standardized to 30% HUMULEX? alpha-acids (Perluxan?) extracted from hops, including humulone, to suppress the COX-2 enzyme for your long lasting comfort. Humulex? |
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Inflama-RestTM 60 Tablets by Source Naturals Bio-Aligned FormulaTM * COX-2 Inhibitor Inflama-RestTM is a Bio-AlignedTM formula which may ease joint function and support comfortable movement via inhibition of the COX-2 enzyme. It also addresses additional factors shown in scientific research to influence muscle and joint comfort: nuclear factor-kappa B activity, leukotriene regulation and nitric oxide production. Inflama-Rest helps protect cells from free radical damage and is specially formulated with adaptogenic herbs and minerals which may help reduce muscle tension associated with physical and emotional stress. |
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