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Studies find that 'broken heart syndrome' can result from opioid withdrawal, cocaine use
June 22, 2006Rochester, Minn. — People who experience abrupt withdrawal from high-dose opioids or use cocaine increase their risk of cardiac event, according to two new studies published in the June issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
The findings shed light on "broken heart syndrome," a still somewhat uncommon disorder first described in Japan 15 years ago that mimics a heart attack. Patients may experience shortness of breath and chest pain and, upon hospital admission, go through extensive tests to determine a diagnosis and rule out heart attack.
In a case report outlined in Mayo Clinic Proceedings this month, physicians describe a 61-year-old woman who was treated for broken heart syndrome at Mayo Clinic Rochester after abruptly discontinuing use of the opioid, OxyContin. It's the first report of broken heart syndrome resulting from opioid withdrawal in an adult.
Opioids such as OxyContin are becoming increasingly common for pain management, the report's authors say. Given the drug's prevalence, physicians should proceed with caution when removing patients from high-dose opioids in order to avoid serious complications and hospitalizations, says Juanita Rivera, M.D., an anesthesiologist with Mayo Clinic Rochester and lead author of the report.
The authors also note the importance of patients being familiar with their medications, as confusion about their drug regimen can delay treatment. Though most broken heart syndrome patients regain full cardiac function, some die and others suffer life-threatening complications.
In a separate case report in June's issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, physicians report on the first known case of cocaine use resulting in broken heart syndrome. According to the report, a 54-year-old woman came to the emergency department experiencing chest pain and admitted she had smoked crack cocaine in the months and hours leading up to her admission.
Sandeep Arora, M.D., lead author of the report and an internal medicine specialist at Western Pennsylvania Hospital in Pittsburgh, says physicians lack a clear understanding of broken heart syndrome. The report demonstrates that cocaine use can potentially trigger transient left ventricular apical ballooning, also known as broken heart syndrome, in certain susceptible individuals, but further research is needed to determine other associated risk factors, Dr. Arora says.
In an accompanying editorial, physicians say more research is necessary to determine the syndrome's underlying pathomechanisms. The journal also contains a medical image of broken heart syndrome.
Mayo Clinic
Opioids such as OxyContin are becoming increasingly common for pain management, the report's authors say. Given the drug's prevalence, physicians should proceed with caution when removing patients from high-dose opioids in order to avoid serious complications and hospitalizations, says Juanita Rivera, M.D., an anesthesiologist with Mayo Clinic Rochester and lead author of the report.
The authors also note the importance of patients being familiar with their medications, as confusion about their drug regimen can delay treatment. Though most broken heart syndrome patients regain full cardiac function, some die and others suffer life-threatening complications.
In a separate case report in June's issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, physicians report on the first known case of cocaine use resulting in broken heart syndrome. According to the report, a 54-year-old woman came to the emergency department experiencing chest pain and admitted she had smoked crack cocaine in the months and hours leading up to her admission.
Sandeep Arora, M.D., lead author of the report and an internal medicine specialist at Western Pennsylvania Hospital in Pittsburgh, says physicians lack a clear understanding of broken heart syndrome. The report demonstrates that cocaine use can potentially trigger transient left ventricular apical ballooning, also known as broken heart syndrome, in certain susceptible individuals, but further research is needed to determine other associated risk factors, Dr. Arora says.
In an accompanying editorial, physicians say more research is necessary to determine the syndrome's underlying pathomechanisms. The journal also contains a medical image of broken heart syndrome.
Mayo Clinic
Cocaine Use Current Events and Cocaine Use News RSSWhy can't some people give up cocaine?
Drug dependency is a recurrent but treatable kind of addiction. However, not all people who are drug dependent progress in the same way once they stop taking drugs.
Athletes on performance enhancers more likely to abuse alcohol, other drugs
College athletes who use performance-enhancing substances may be at heightened risk of misusing alcohol and using recreational drugs as well, according to new research in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs.
Cocaine exposure during pregnancy leads to impulsivity in male, not female, monkeys
Adult male monkeys exposed to cocaine while in the womb have poor impulse control and may be more vulnerable to drug abuse than female monkeys, even a decade or more after the exposure, according to a new study by researchers at Wake Forest University School of Medicine. The findings could lead to a better understanding of human drug abuse.
New study: Up to 90 percent of US paper money contains traces of cocaine
You probably have cocaine in your wallet, purse, or pocket. Sound unlikely or outrageous? Think again! In what researchers describe as the largest, most comprehensive analysis to date of cocaine contamination in banknotes, scientists are reporting that cocaine is present in up to 90 percent of paper money in the United States, particularly in large cities such as Baltimore, Boston, and Detroit.
Cocaine: Perceived as a reward by the brain?
Cocaine is one of the oldest drugs known to humans, and its abuse has become widespread since the end of the 19th century.
UCI researchers find new way to fight cocaine addiction
UC Irvine pharmacological researchers have discovered that blocking a hormone related to hunger regulation can limit cocaine cravings.
UCSF Gallo study finds hormone disorder drug could help drinkers stay sober
A drug prescribed for male and female infertility and menstrual disorders could hold the key to a more effective treatment for alcoholism, according to a study by researchers at the UCSF-affiliated Ernest Gallo Clinic and Research Center.
Research reveals molecular fingerprint of cocaine addiction
The first large-scale analysis of proteins in the brains of monkeys addicted to cocaine reveals new information on how long-term cocaine use changes the amount and activity of various proteins affecting brain function.
Animal research suggests new strategy for treating cocaine addiction
New research in monkeys suggests the feasibility of treating cocaine addiction with a "replacement" drug that mimics the effects of cocaine but has less potential for abuse - similar to the way nicotine and heroin addictions are treated.
Cocaine's effects on brain metabolism may contribute to abuse
Many studies on cocaine addiction - and attempts to block its addictiveness - have focused on dopamine transporters, proteins that reabsorb the brain's "reward" chemical once its signal is sent.
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