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Researchers link specific antibody presence to prevention of mother-to-baby HIV transmission
July 12, 2006Findings:
Exploring why some HIV-positive mothers transmit the virus in utero to their babies while others don't, researchers from the UCLA AIDS Institute and Los Alamos National Laboratory studied 38 infant-mother pairs in the UCLA arm of the Los Angeles Pediatric AIDS Consortium. They studied the role of maternal autologous neutralizing antibody (aNAB) in selective transmission of HIV-1. All of the deliveries during the study period, which lasted from 1989 to 1996, occurred before zidovudine (ZDV) prophylaxis was routinely used to prevent perinatal transmission of HIV-1. Researchers found that women who transmitted the virus to their offspring were significantly less likely to have aNAB, which neutralizes the virus, than non-transmitting mothers (14.3 percent, compared with 76.5 percent). This suggests that the antibody has a potent protective or selective effect in perinatal HIV transmission. This study also found that the closest match to the transmitted virus to the baby was the mother's neutralization-escape virus.
Impact:
Further research into the protective role of the neutralizing antibody in HIV-1 could provide hope for developing an effective vaccine and passive antibody approaches in combating HIV-1.
University of California—Los Angeles
HIV Transmission Current Events and HIV Transmission News RSSHIV uses several strategies to escape immune pressure
A study of how HIV mutates in response to immune system pressure by Emory Vaccine Center researchers shows that the virus can take several escape routes, not one preferred route.
Weighing costs, benefits of HIV treatments
Prevention versus treatment? Cost versus efficacy? So go two of the dilemmas looming over Dartmouth's Paul E. Palumbo, M.D., and his fellow researchers in the race to fight HIV and other infectious diseases in the developing world - especially among women and their young children.
An HIV-blocking gel for women
University of Utah scientists developed a new kind of "molecular condom" to protect women from AIDS in Africa and other impoverished areas. Before sex, women would insert a vaginal gel that turns semisolid in the presence of semen, trapping AIDS virus particles in a microscopic mesh so they can't infect vaginal cells.
Pre-chewed food could transmit HIV
Researchers have uncovered the first cases in which HIV almost certainly was transmitted from mothers or other caregivers to children through pre-chewed food.
New lab test offers better prediction of HIV microbicide safety
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have devised a laboratory test for predicting whether microbicides against HIV are safe for human use.
New contraceptive device is designed to prevent sexual transmission of HIV
Researchers from Weill Cornell Medical College have published results showing that a new contraceptive device may also effectively block the transmission of the HIV virus.
Herpes medication does not reduce risk of HIV transmission
A recently completed international multi-center clinical trial has found that acyclovir, a drug widely used as a safe and effective treatment to suppress herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2), which is the most common cause of genital herpes, does not reduce the risk of HIV transmission when taken by people infected with both HIV and HSV-2.
Adult circumcision reduces risk of HIV transmission without reducing sexual pleasure
Two studies presented at the 104th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Urological Association (AUA) show that adult circumcision reduces the risk of contracting the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the risk of coital injury¬¬--without reducing pleasure or causing sexual dysfunction.
South African policy on adolescents' rights to access condoms is causing confusion
In 2007, South Africa's new Children's Act came into effect, granting children 12 years and older a host of rights relating to reproductive health, including the right to access condoms.
Prolonged nevirapine in breast-fed babies prevents HIV infection but leads to drug-resistant HIV
Babies born to HIV-positive mothers and given the antiretroviral drug nevirapine through the first six weeks of life to prevent infection via breast-feeding are at high risk for developing drug-resistant HIV if they get infected anyway, a team of researchers report.
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