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Eye tissue shortage endangers clinical research's future
July 12, 2006Rockville, Md. - The future of clinical ophthalmology may be endangered by the decline in the number of human donor eyes provided by U.S. eye banks according to an article published in the July 2006 issue of Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (IOVS).
According to a survey of U.S. members of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO), the major prohibitory factor in the use of human eye tissue is lack of availability of tissue meeting stringent criteria. The survey's conductor, Christine A. Curcio, PhD, of ARVO's Research Tissue Acquisition Working Group (RTAWG), found that only cost exceeded this factor among those surveyed. Respondents also indicated that local eye banks are the most common tissue source although most investigators use multiple tissues sources, including remote eye banks to acquire adequate human eye tissue needed for research.
The availability of human eye tissue for research has been severely impacted by federal regulations and state laws enacted over the last decade, and some individual eye bank practices may be of importance on a local level (e.g., laws prohibiting medical examiners from releasing eye tissue in cases of violent or suspicious death).
The RTAWG believes that the decline in human research tissue may be managed in the short term by researchers working closely with eye banks and other providers, communicating on a regular basis, and clarifying their experimental needs and expectations.
"No where do impediments to obtaining human eyes for research have more impact than in the effort to understand age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of new vision loss in the elderly," said Curcio, a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. "Macular degeneration, an advanced form of which now has treatment options, still lacks a laboratory animal model that displays the full range of pathology typifying the human disorder. Thus, human tissues are particularly critical."
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
The RTAWG believes that the decline in human research tissue may be managed in the short term by researchers working closely with eye banks and other providers, communicating on a regular basis, and clarifying their experimental needs and expectations.
"No where do impediments to obtaining human eyes for research have more impact than in the effort to understand age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of new vision loss in the elderly," said Curcio, a professor of ophthalmology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. "Macular degeneration, an advanced form of which now has treatment options, still lacks a laboratory animal model that displays the full range of pathology typifying the human disorder. Thus, human tissues are particularly critical."
Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology
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Making Blind Zebrafish See
Scientists in the Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research have restored the sight of blind zebrafish whose eyes failed to develop due to a genetic mutation. The findings, published this week in Developmental Biology, are exciting first steps on a long road to understanding eye diseases in humans. Dr. Breandan Kennedy and his colleagues at the University of Washington, Seattle and the Hubrecht Laboratory in Utrecht, Netherlands first identified a family of eyeless fish. They then discovered the gene that controls initial development of eye tissue (retinal homeobox 3 or rx3) and that mutations in this gene resulted in the eyeless fish. When Dr. Kennedy and his research team int
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