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Researchers sequence the basal eukaryote Tetrahymena thermophila
August 29, 2006In an effort to improve our understanding of eukaryotic evolution, a team of over 50 researchers led by Jonathan Eisen sequenced the macronuclear genome of the single-celled ciliate Tetrahymena themophila. Published online this week in the open-access journal PLoS Biology, the authors provide insights into the biology of this organism.
T. thermophila is particularly unusual inside. Each cell contains two nuclei: a micronucleus comprising only five chromosomes, and a macronucleus, which has more than 200. The micronucleus contains the DNA necessary for reproduction. The macronucleus controls the cell's other functions. When the cells mate, the micronucleus splinters into fragments, which in turn replicate to form many smaller chromosomes that become the macronucleus.
T. thermophila is known to only employ one stop codon (UGA) during protein synthesis; the two unused ones code for glutamine. As UGA can also code for selenocysteine, this is the only organism known so far to translate all 64 codons.
The sequenced genome permitted the authors to investigate plastid acquisition in the alveolates-a group of three related phyla, ciliates, apicomplexans (parasites including malaria causing Plasmodium), and dinoflagellates (oceanic photosynthetic protozoans). Plastids like chloroplasts are organelles descended from free-living cyanobacteria. Many of the genes are typically incorporated into the host nucleus. No evidence of plastids was found in T. thermophila, although they are present in both apicomplexans and dinoflagellates, indicating that plastid acquisition most likely occurred after they had split from the ciliates.
As a basal eukaryote, this genome will enable studies on eukaryotic evolution. The authors aim to next sequence the micronuclear genome.
Public Library of Science
New, more direct pathways from outside the cell-to-cell nuclei discovered
A team of Brooklyn College researchers has shattered a long-held belief that no direct pathway exists between material outside of a cell and the cell nucleus. (The cell is the smallest metabolically functional unit of life.)
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Molecular and functional evolution of Tetrahymena metallothioneins: New insights into the gene family of Tetrahymena thermophila [An article from: Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C] by G. Santovito (Author), A. Formigari (Author), F. Boldrin (Author), Piccinni (Author) This digital document is a journal article from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: A new metallothionein (MTT-5) gene isoform has been cloned and characterized from the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. Its amino acid sequence shows only limited similarity with other Tetrahymena MTs. To investigate the transcriptional activity of this gene toward heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn), mRNA levels were evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Results show that the three metals induce different MTT-5-mRNA levels, Cd treatment eliciting the most effective induction in the first 30... |
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