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Embryonic patterning makes the feathers fly
December 11, 2006Dots versus stripes in chicken feathers controlled by patterning pathway
How the chicken got its feathers in the right place is not a Rudyard Kipling "Just So" story, but an illustration of how simple causes can stack up into complicated results. For a chicken, it's the difference between having feathers arranged in spots or stripes. For biologists at the University of Southern California and mathematicians at Oxford University in the UK, it's all a question of patterning.
To understand patterning on the molecular and the systems level, the researchers looked at how feather patterns are laid down in embryonic chickens. Feathers, or more properly feather buds, will appear on the skin of the developing embryo wherever fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is activated. The mystery has been how a pattern of activation was laid down by FGF. Speculation pointed to a downstream cellular signaling pathway but which one (and if it was just one pathway) was unknown.
To discern which pathway mediates FGF activity during skin patterning, the researchers set up a cultured embryonic chicken skin model and targeted a variety of potential downstream signaling pathways with specific inhibitors. They got their biggest hits with the so-called mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK, pathway. Manipulating the MAPK pathway produced a wide repertoire of feather patterning, from spots, to stripes, to homogenous patches, all reflecting varying degrees of inhibited feather bud segregation. Stripes, for example, increased with higher inhibitor dosage and earlier times of administration.
But which skin layer was the major target of FGF/MAPK activity, the epithelium or the mesenchyme\\\
American Society for Cell Biology
To discern which pathway mediates FGF activity during skin patterning, the researchers set up a cultured embryonic chicken skin model and targeted a variety of potential downstream signaling pathways with specific inhibitors. They got their biggest hits with the so-called mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK, pathway. Manipulating the MAPK pathway produced a wide repertoire of feather patterning, from spots, to stripes, to homogenous patches, all reflecting varying degrees of inhibited feather bud segregation. Stripes, for example, increased with higher inhibitor dosage and earlier times of administration.
But which skin layer was the major target of FGF/MAPK activity, the epithelium or the mesenchyme\\\
American Society for Cell Biology
Patterning Current Events and Patterning News RSSNew research into the mechanisms of gene regulation
A team led by Penn State's Ross Hardison, T. Ming Chu Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, has taken a large step toward unraveling how regulatory proteins control the production of gene products during development and growth.
The skeleton: Size matters
Vertebrates have in common a skeleton made of segments, the vertebrae. During development of the embryo, each segment is added in a time dependent manner, from the head-end to the tail-end: the first segments to be added become the vertebrae of the neck, later segments become the vertebrae with ribs and the last ones the vertebra located in the tail (in the case of a mouse, for example).
Caltech scientists solve decade-long mystery of nanopillar formations
Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have uncovered the physical mechanism by which arrays of nanoscale (billionths-of-a-meter) pillars can be grown on polymer films with very high precision, in potentially limitless patterns.
New method for gene expression experiments akin to watercolor painting in water
Like oil and water, two water-based liquids can mingle without mixing in a new University of Michigan technology developed for biological experiments.
Camera flash turns an insulating material into a conductor
An insulator can now be transformed to conduct electricity by an ordinary camera flash.
St. Jude scientists discover a new mechanism controlling neuronal migration
The molecular machinery that helps brain cells migrate to their correct place in the developing brain has been identified by scientists at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital.
Embryology Study Offers Clues to Birth Defects
Gregg Duester, Ph.D., professor of developmental biology at Burnham Institute for Medical Research (Burnham), along with Xianling Zhao, Ph.D., and colleagues, have clarified the role that retinoic acid plays in limb development.
Shatter-resistant brassicas
An international team of scientists has cracked the problem of pod shatter in brassica crops such as oilseed rape.
New Tool for Next-Generation Cancer Treatments using Nanodiamonds
A research team at Northwestern University has demonstrated a tool that can precisely deliver tiny doses of drug-carrying nanomaterials to individual cells.
Sea mollusks taste their memories to build shells
University of California, Berkeley, graduate student Alistair Boettiger has amassed a beautiful collection of seashells, but not by combing the beach. He created them in his computer.
More Patterning Current Events and Patterning News Articles
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Patterning & Sequencing (Beginning Skills) by JENNIFER KERN (Author) |
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Hands on Learning Patterning Mats by Scholastic PreK & up. Learn visual discrimination and logic with manipulatives. Children utilize the 105 foam manipulative shape pieces to match and complete the sequence on the 10-two-sided learning mats. Two different challenges on each side of every mat. |
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Shotgun Sports Magazine by Shotguns Sports Magazine, Inc. Shotguns Sports Magazine features 100% shot gunning, editorials emphasizing gun tests and evaluations, trapshooting,sporting clays, skeet, patterning, reloading, and waterfowl/upland hunting. |
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Learning Resources® Lets Tackle Math! Patterning and Sequencing, For Grades Pre-K and Up by Learning Resources® Learning Resources® Lets Tackle Math! Patterning and Sequencing, For Grades Pre-K and Up Make sorting, patterning and counting as much fun for students as playing in their own backyards. This 252-piece counter set features 108 colorful bugs, 72 worms and 72 frogs to sort by color, shape and size. Also includes a 25-page, spiral bound, stand-up activity book filled with 48 engaging, self-checking activities, sorting tray and sturdy tackle box for easy storage. Global Product Type: Games/Manipulatives-Math Manipulatives; Games/Manipulatives Type: Math Manipulatives; Age Recommendation: Grades Pre-K and Up; Number of Cards: N/A. SKU: LRNLER0223 - Sold as 262 EA |
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Using Math Manipulatives for Problem Solving Series - Patterning/Classifying Also With: Ann R. Edson M.Ed. (Producer) by Ann R. Edson M.Ed. Introduce the power of math manipulatives with this springboard for interactive learning. Students actively particiapte as they use manipulatives to transform abstract mathematical concepts into exciting real world ideas. Extensive Teacher's guide provides rubrics for authentic assessment and includes reproducible activity sheets. This DVD in the Using Math Manipulatives for Problem Solving Series is devoted to Patterning/Classifying. Geared to Early Childhood Learning from Kindergarten to the 3rd Grade. |
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Dynamic silver plated oval shaped cufflinks with diagonal patterning with presentation box by Cufflinks House An elegant and well designed pair of cufflinks. Rhodium plated polished finish oval cufflinks, with a diagonal design. These are a fitting accent for any color cuff and are sure to become one of your favorite pairs. Presentation boxed. |
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Trade Secrets of the Pros 2 (Tips for Scouting, Setting Up, Locating, Calling, Decoying, & Patterning Your Shotgun) deer hunting tpae | |
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Carlsons 3 Pack 40"X40" Turkey Patterning Targets Md: 00300 by CARLSONS Carlsons 3 Pack 40"X40" Turkey Patterning Targets Md: 00300, Great for patterning your gun at all ranges. These 40"x40" targets come in two variations. The turkey has the actual size turkey head so you can see how many pellets you are putting in the head. Finally the waterfowl has a full sized duck in flight so you can see if you are hitting the kill zone. Works great with shotguns or rifles., Type: Target Size: 40" X 40" Quantity: 3 Pack Material: Paper, Manufacturer: CARLSONS, Model: 00300 |
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The Vivid Purple and Intricate Patterning of a Passionfruit Flower, North Carlton, Australia Botanical Photographic Poster Print by Jason Edwards, 24x18 by Art.com Art.com is the world's largest retailer of art prints, posters, photographs, and framed artwork. With our huge selection of over 400,000 prints, you'll easily find the perfect piece for your home, office, or classroom. Our art is printed on quality paper. When you order framed artwork, the piece is built by our team of in-house professionals. Visit our Amazon store today at www.amazon.com/artdotcom to find Special Offers and search for products based on 'Artist Name' and 'Subject Categories' such as Movie, Music, Vintage, TV, Children, Travel, Kitchen, Museum Art, Animals, Floral, Motivational, and Sports. Art.com is dedicated to providing you with high quality products and service by offering you 100% satisfaction guaranteed. We ship internationally to over 80 countries. Decorate your... |
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Rockin' Rhythm Band CD by Jill Gallina;Michael Gallina An exciting approach to rhythm band activities that teaches and stimulates at the same time. Each activity has been specifically designed to aid in the development of fine and gross motor skills, auditory discrimination, patterning and sequencing. |
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