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Stem cells decrease ischemic injury and restore brain function
April 18, 2007This is the impressive result of a study carried out by a group of researchers coordinated by Dr. Maria Grazia De Simoni of the Mario Negri Institute in Milan, Italy in cooperation with the Istituto Neurologico Besta (Milan) and the University of Lausanne. The study appears in the April 18th issue of the international, peer-reviewed, open-access online journal of the Public Library of Science, PLoS ONE.
Stroke is the first cause of permanent invalidity and the third cause of death in industrialized countries.
Despite the recent advancements in the management of ischemic patients (early diagnosis, thrombolysis, stroke units and rehabilitation centers), stroke still represents a major and unresolved medical issue.
"Stroke causes the death of many nervous cells that, in theory, could be substituted by stem cells. A few studies have shown that these cells can be effective, although various issues about their use and the mechanisms of their protective action remained unsolved," says Maria Grazia De Simoni.
"Our research has underlined a possible mechanism of action. Once introduced in the area of the brain hit by a stroke, stem cells induce the development of a protective effect in this same area," explains De Simoni. "Therefore, it is not necessary, as proposed in past studies, for stem cells to turn into neurons in order to protect the brain from ischemic injury and restore brain functions. Their presence in brain tissue is sufficient to induce a protective reaction."
Various cells are involved in this reaction, among which the microglia, which has always been thought to have a toxic and inflammatory role. "Instead, we suggest that the microglia also has a protective function," says De Simoni. "Moreover our research shows that these cells survive in brain tissue only for a few days and then they are eliminated. This is very important given the possibility that stem cells may turn into cancer cells."
Public Library of Science
"Stroke causes the death of many nervous cells that, in theory, could be substituted by stem cells. A few studies have shown that these cells can be effective, although various issues about their use and the mechanisms of their protective action remained unsolved," says Maria Grazia De Simoni.
"Our research has underlined a possible mechanism of action. Once introduced in the area of the brain hit by a stroke, stem cells induce the development of a protective effect in this same area," explains De Simoni. "Therefore, it is not necessary, as proposed in past studies, for stem cells to turn into neurons in order to protect the brain from ischemic injury and restore brain functions. Their presence in brain tissue is sufficient to induce a protective reaction."
Various cells are involved in this reaction, among which the microglia, which has always been thought to have a toxic and inflammatory role. "Instead, we suggest that the microglia also has a protective function," says De Simoni. "Moreover our research shows that these cells survive in brain tissue only for a few days and then they are eliminated. This is very important given the possibility that stem cells may turn into cancer cells."
Public Library of Science
Ischemic Injury Current Events and Ischemic Injury News RSSInhibition of GRK2 is protective against acute cardiac stress injuries
Inhibition of a protein known to contribute to heart failure also appears to be protective of the heart in more acute cardiac stress injury, namely ischemia reperfusion.
Novel approach may protect against heart attack injury
Researchers at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have manipulated cell activity that occurs during the interruption of blood flow to strongly protect heart tissue in animal studies.
A rare case of ischemic colitis caused by chronic venous insufficiency
Ischemic injury to the bowel is a well known disease entity that has a wide spectrum of pathological and clinical findings. A sudden drop in the colonic blood supply is key to its development.
UPMC performs first beating heart transplant procedure in the US
Protected by its own nutrients and blood supply, a beating heart supported by an investigational organ preservation device was successfully transplanted into a 47-year-old man with congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension on Sunday, April 8.
New tool tracks brain development in babies
Researchers have used a new technique to monitor brain development in infants and detect disturbances in white matter, according to a study in the July issue of Radiology.
Stem cell transplants improve recovery in animal models for stroke, cerebral palsy
A single dose of adult donor stem cells given to animals that have neurological damage similar to that experienced by adults with a stroke or newborns with cerebral palsy can significantly enhance recovery from these types of injuries, researchers say.
Myelin suppresses plasticity in the mature brain
Yale School of Medicine researchers report in Science this week genetic evidence for the hypothesis that myelination, or formation of a protective sheath around a nerve fiber, consolidates neural circuitry by suppressing plasticity in the mature brain.
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