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Towards rational vaccine design
April 25, 2007A recent study published in Immunology Letters, the official journal of the European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS), describes strategies for selective priming of B cells using various adjuvants. Randolph Noelle and colleagues from Dartmouth Medical School in Lebanon, USA show that certain adjuvants can induce antigen specific memory B cells, in the absence of induction of plasma cells. This is an important fundamental immunological observation as it suggests that memory B cells can arise independently of long-lived plasma cells, which is also interesting from a vaccination perspective.
The immune system recognizes vaccine agents as foreign, destroys them, and "remembers" them. When the virulent version of an agent comes along, the immune system is thus prepared to respond. This long term immunity relies heavily upon the generation of so called B cells, which will generate antibodies that will bind to pathogens and mark them for destruction. Specifically, almost all vaccine formulations induce two types of B-cells: memory B cells and antibody producing B-cells called plasma cells.
Adjuvants, agents which modify the effect of other agents while having few, if any direct effects when given by themselves, are many times used to modify (in this case augment) the effects that a vaccine has on disease resistance. However, the reasons why certain vaccine adjuvants are more or less effective at inducing immune responses often remains unclear.
"This article provides a very exciting new insight because it seems to change the traditional textbook paradigm on relationship between plasma cells and memory B cells", said Vaclav Horejsi", the Editor-in-Chief of the EFIS journal.
In addition to being scientifically very interesting, the discovery may have important practical consequences in vaccinology as they suggest that memory B cell can be induced during vaccination without the recipient having to mount a strong primary antibody response during immunization. "While perhaps not immediately practicable, this study will have a contribution to the rational development of adjuvants for use in vaccination", according to immunologist James Brewer from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK in his commentary published volume 109, issue 2 of Immunology Letters (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01652478).
Elsevier
"This article provides a very exciting new insight because it seems to change the traditional textbook paradigm on relationship between plasma cells and memory B cells", said Vaclav Horejsi", the Editor-in-Chief of the EFIS journal.
In addition to being scientifically very interesting, the discovery may have important practical consequences in vaccinology as they suggest that memory B cell can be induced during vaccination without the recipient having to mount a strong primary antibody response during immunization. "While perhaps not immediately practicable, this study will have a contribution to the rational development of adjuvants for use in vaccination", according to immunologist James Brewer from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, UK in his commentary published volume 109, issue 2 of Immunology Letters (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01652478).
Elsevier
Adjuvants Current Events and Adjuvants News RSSMost would refuse emergency use H1N1 vaccine or additive
A majority of Americans would not take an H1N1 flu vaccine or drug additive authorized for emergency use by the Food and Drug Administration, according to a University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health and University of Georgia study.
Medical ethics experts identify, address key issues in H1N1 pandemic
The anticipated onset of a second wave of the H1N1 influenza pandemic could present a host of thorny medical ethics issues best considered well in advance, according to the University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, which today released nine papers for public discussion.
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Public speaking, anyone? Or maybe a big job interview? Dry your palms and take a deep, calming breath; there may be a silver lining.
New 'adjuvant' could hold future of vaccine development
Scientists at Oregon State University have developed a new "adjuvant" that could allow the creation of important new vaccines, possibly become a universal vaccine carrier and help medical experts tackle many diseases more effectively.
Trimming the fat boosts blood recovery after marrow transplant
Seeking ways to improve blood recovery after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplant, researchers at Children's Hospital Boston have discovered that fat cells, which accumulate in bone marrow as people age, inhibit the marrow's ability to produce new blood cells.
Computer simulation captures immune response to flu
Researchers have successfully tested first the first time a computer simulation of major portions of the body's immune reaction to influenza type A, with implications for treatment design and preparation ahead of future pandemics, according to work accepted for publication, and posted online, by the Journal of Virology.
Researchers design unique method to induce immunity to certain STDs
Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial agent of sexually transmitted disease, accounting for more than a million reported infections in the United States each year.
New molecules with many branches will help unleash potential of nanotechnology
Materials science and the pharmaceutical industry could soon be revolutionized by emerging nanotechnologies based on designer molecules with long complex tree-and branch structures.
A new therapeutic option for human hepatocyte cancer
p53-impaired tumors may be particularly suitable to parvovirus H-1-induced therapy. Although the p53 deficiency in tumors may induce resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, this will not affect the tumor cell susceptibility to H-1 PV-induced oncolytic infections.
A protein sequence associated with Huntington's disease may become life-saving vaccine component
On June 10, 2008 the scientific journal "Vaccine" published a paper by the Massachusetts based biotech company Cure Lab, Inc., demonstrating that a protein sequence important in neurodegenerative Huntington's disease can be safely used as a new generation of vaccine adjuvants.
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Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems by Manmohan Singh (Editor) The authoritative reference on recent developments in vaccinology New technologies, including recombinant protein and DNA, have sparked phenomenal progress in vaccine development and delivery systems. This unique resource brings scientists up to date on recent advances and provides the information they need to select candidate adjuvants. With chapters written by leading experts in their fields, Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems: * Provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field and developing formulation methods * Covers cutting-edge technologies and gives the current status of adjuvants in clinical trials and those still in the pre-clinical stage * Includes detailed information on specific... |
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Rr Line Adjuvant Anti-hair Loss Lotion by RR LINE RR line Anti-Hair Loss Lotion Its formula contains marine amino acids which have an effective toning and revitalising action on the piliferous bulbs, stregnthening them and therefore promoting re-growth of the hair. HOT TO USE : after shampooing with energizing anti-hair loss shampoo apply the contents of the phial evenly. Delicately massage and then dry. SIZE ; 100 ml / 3.38 FL.OZ. Made In Italy |
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Breast Cancer : Understanding Adjuvant Therapy by Films for the Humanities and Sciences (Producer) UPDATED IN 2003. The cancer treatment options of chemotherapy, radiation, and hormone therapy are discussed in this program, along with how to choose a treatment or mixture of treatments with the help of a healthcare team. The program also discusses how patients and their partners can cope with the physical and emotional stress of treatment side effects. Additional content introduces or expands upon the topics of combining chemotherapy agents and increasing treatment cycles to promote optimal results, the impact of chemotherapy agents on blood counts, and side effects of tamoxifen. Treatment guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the contents of pathology reports are also addressed. New on-screen text and graphics are included as well. | |
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Audio CD, Breast Cancer Update - Current Controversies In Systemic Therapy of Early Breast Cancer: The Great Adjuvant Debate II by Research to Practice 1.75 hours. 22 audio tracks. Proceedings from a CME Satellite Symposium at the 28th San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium. CME Certified. | |
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Vaccine Adjuvants: Preparation Methods and Research Protocols (Methods in Molecular Medicine) by Derek T. OHagan (Editor) Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, CA. Comprehensive lab manual provides a guide to making and using vaccine adjuvants. Promotes the development of new vaccines against infectious diseases and cancers. For researchers. Expanded-outline format. DNLM: Vaccines--immunology. |
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Cide-Kick wetting agent, activator and penetrant by SePRO There are two main reasons why adjuvants are used in spray solutions; reduce spray application problems and improve herbicide performance. Researchers have found that up to 70% of the effectiveness of a pesticide can be dependent on the spray application. Adjuvants increase the wetting, spreading, sticking, emulsifying, and dispersing of the herbicide. Cide-Kick is mixed with many aquatic herbicides and algaecides to improve efficacy. Application instructions will come from the label of the product you're applying. Cide-Kick is a wetting agent, sinking agent, activator, and penetrator all in one. Cide-Kick helps break down the waxy cuticle on the leaf surface and helps the herbicides to penetrate the bud and bark area of woody brush, allowing for a more effective uptake of herbicides like... |
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Golden Malrin Fly Bait (3006481) by Farnam Companies Sold as each. 5 lb. Advance formula fly bait. Attracts and kills both sexes of flies. Contains sex attractants and feeding adjuvant. Contains Z-9. Can . Manufacturer number: 3006481. SKU #: 7069644. Country of origin: (TBA). Distributed by Farnam Companies. |
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A.H.P.B.A- 2005 Surgical Spring Week /DVD:21 Also With: American Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (Host) A.H.P.B.A- 2005 Surgical Spring Week /DVD:21 DEBATES: Pancreas / Biliary Cost-effective management of choledocholithiasis Endoscopic approach - Dr. Jeffrey S. Barkun (Canada) . Laparoscopic approach - Dr. Stanley J. Rogers (Canada) . Cystic pancreatic neoplasms Selective observation - Dr. Sewlyn M. Vickers (USA) . Always operate - Dr. Alejandro Oria (Argentina) . Patients with biliary malignancy should receive adjuvant therapy - Pro - Dr. David M. Nagorney (USA) Con - Dr. Bryan M. Clary (USA) |
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Topics in Vaccine Adjuvant Research by Dale R. Spriggs (Author), Wayne C. Koff (Author) Topics in Vaccine Adjuvant Research provides a concise, focused review of the immunological basis of adjuvant activity. The first section of the book contains several chapters that discuss key issues in cellular immunology, such as antigen processing and presentation, cytokine regulation of immune responses, and mucosal immunology. The second section consists of brief chapters on the mechanism of action of several adjuvants, including IL-2, nonionic block polymers, and cholera toxin. The major goals of this book are to define what is known about the mechanisms of adjuvant activity, show how research in cellular immunology can be used to help understand adjuvant action, and define possible areas where adjuvants might be useful probes for dissecting basic immunological processes.... |
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