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Antibody-altering protein found in developing B cells
July 20, 2007Why:
In order for the B cells of the immune system to identify and fight disease pathogens, they produce a protein called activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Once a B cell is activated by the presence of a disease pathogen, it begins to make AID which directs and strengthens the B cells' response to the infection by mutating the antibodies produced by the B cells.
AID was originally thought to be made only by mature B cells and, as previously discovered by Imanishi-Kari and colleagues, in the developing B cells of transgenic mice. In the current article, Imanishi-Kari and colleagues reveal that AID is also made by developing B cells in wild-type, or normal, mice which implies that AID plays a larger role in the immune system than previously thought. Building upon what is already known about B cells, Imanishi-Kari hypothesizes that AID plays a role during B cell development by mutating B cell antibodies and, thereby, preventing B cells from mistaking some healthy human cells as disease pathogens, which is what occurs in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). Uncovering the presence of AID in developing B cells may offer a new direction for research into autoimmunity and other diseases.
Tufts University, Health Sciences
Smithsonian scientists find the frog legs trade may facilitate spread of pathogens
Most countries throughout the world participate in the $40-million-per-year culinary trade of frog legs in some way, with 75 percent of frog legs consumed in France, Belgium and the United States.
How HIV cripples immune cells
In order to be able to ward off disease pathogens, immune cells must be mobile and be able to establish contact with each other. The working group around Professor Dr. Oliver Fackler in the Virology Department of the Hygiene Institute of the Heidelberg University Hospital has discovered a mechanism in an animal model revealing how HIV, the AIDS pathogen, cripples immune cells: Cell mobility is inhibited by the HIV Nef protein.
The tourist trap
Mosquitoes with the potential to carry diseases lethal to many unique species of Galapagos wildlife are being regularly introduced to the islands via aircraft, according to new research published today.
Current level of oyster farming unlikely to have substantial impact on Drakes Estero ecosystem
A new report from the National Research Council finds a lack of strong scientific evidence that the present level of oyster farming operations by Drakes Bay Oyster Co. (DBOC) has major adverse effects on the ecosystem of Drakes Estero, a body of water north of San Francisco within Point Reyes National Seashore, which is owned by the National Park Service.
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