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Detecting transmissibility of avian influenza virus in human households
July 26, 2007Recent outbreaks of emerging diseases such as SARS and H5N1 avian influenza have underlined the fact that animal pathogens may acquire the ability to spread efficiently in humans - but as yet have not. Monitoring the transmissibility of pathogens from animals in humans is therefore key for early detection of epidemic spread, and for effective control. In a study published in PLoS Computational Biology, the authors from the Netherlands and the United Kingdom have used data from a small but well-defined study of H7N7 avian influenza virus transmission in human households to estimate this transmissibility in humans living in close contact.
Infection clusters in human housholds may arise from transmission from (i) animals (ii) humans who were infected by animals (primary human-to-human transmission), or (iii) humans who were infected by humans (secondary human-to-human transmission). It is efficient secondary human-to-human transmission that is a prerequisite for pandemic spread. In this paper, a method is developed of analyzing the extent of direct human-to-human transmission in a previous outbreak of a highly pathogenic H7N7 avian influenza virus in the Netherlands. There is evidence to show that secondary human-to-human transmission is indeed a plausible explanation for the Dutch infection data.
Based on the estimates of the within-household transmission, van Boven et al. concluded that less than half of the household infections could have been prevented with current antiviral drugs. It is important to continuously monitor the transmissibility of animal pathogens to and between humans. "Obviously, for public health it is vital that such emerging secondary human-to-human transmission in the human population is detected as quickly as possible", says van Boven. This paper provides a method of doing so, using data that are easily collected for most infectious diseases.
Public Library of Science
Public Library of Science
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Avian Influenza by David E. Swayne (Editor) Avian Influenza provides the first comprehensive guide covering the full spectrum of this complex and increasingly high-profile disease, its history and its treatment and control. All aspects of avian influenza are dealt with in depth, systematically covering biology, virology, diagnostics, ecology, epidemiology, clinical medicine, and the control. The book fuses coverage of the latest discoveries in the basic sciences with a practical approach to dealing with the disease in a clinical setting, and providing instruction and guidance for veterinarians and government animal health officials encountering this disease in the field. Avian Influenza provides the reader with a global perspective, bringing together chapters written by leading animal health researchers and... |
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Avian Influenza (NCME Video 853) Also With: Network For Continuing Medical Education (Primary Contributor), Alan M. Sanders (Primary Contributor) Global concern about the potential for pandemic avian influenza is rooted in the pathogenicity of avian influenza virus strains in humans and the lack of immunity to these highly mutable viruses in the general population. Avian influenza A (H5N1) re-emerged in 2003 with greater virulence and a wider host range than that seen following its 1997 debut. Although transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) from animals to humans remains inefficient at this time, mutation or genetic reassortment with human influenza virus strains could trigger an influenza pandemic facilitated by the mobility of modern society and the lack of an effective vaccine. Dr. Alan Sanders provides timely, practical advice on how to improve clinical awareness and implement strategies for diagnosing, treating, and... |
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Avian Influenza (NCME Video 853) Also With: Network for Continuing Medical Education (Primary Contributor), Alan M. Sanders (Primary Contributor) Global concern about the potential for pandemic avian influenza is rooted in the pathogenicity of avian influenza virus strains in humans and the lack of immunity to these highly mutable viruses in the general population. Avian influenza A (H5N1) re-emerged in 2003 with greater virulence and a wider host range than that seen following its 1997 debut. Although transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) from animals to humans remains inefficient at this time, mutation or genetic reassortment with human influenza virus strains could trigger an influenza pandemic facilitated by the mobility of modern society and the lack of an effective vaccine. Dr. Alan Sanders provides timely, practical advice on how to improve clinical awareness and implement strategies for diagnosing, treating, and... |
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Avian Influenza Mountain Animal Hospital (Primary Contributor) |
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American Fever: A Tale of Romance & Pestilence by Peter Christian Hall An independent blog novel about a flu pandemic that strikes New York, igniting passion and disorder. This live, linked, frequently illustrated serial book will post daily into December 2009 Once fully posted, it will be available for purchase.Kindle blogs are fully downloaded onto your Kindle so you can read them even when you're not wirelessly connected. And unlike RSS readers which often only provide headlines, blogs on Kindle give you full text content and images, and are updated wirelessly throughout the day. |
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