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University of Toronto scientists map entire yeast genome
November 27, 2007TORONTO, ON. - University of Toronto scientists have devised a tool to help understand and predict the state of a cell by successfully mapping all 70,000 nucleosomes in yeast. Nucleosomes wrap DNA before it is transformed into proteins and are critical indicators and regulators of a cell's state.
Led by Corey Nislow, a U of T Assistant Professor with the Banting and Best Department of Medical Research and Department of Molecular Genetics, the team created a complete, three-dimensional map of the yeast genome. This information was fed into a computer to build a software program that can predict where nucleosomes should be. The program worked remarkably well, and its accuracy will only improve with more data.
"When control is lost, cells make inappropriate proteins or divide inappropriately, which is what happens in diseases like cancer," says Nislow, whose team worked closely with U of T Professor Timothy Hughes on the project. "Knowing where nucleosomes are is the first step in identifying what is going on in a cell and what the cell plans to do next, so this initial research could have big implications down the road for early detection of certain diseases."
Scientists can tell by the presence of nucleosomes which genes are actively being converted into protein, and this information can function as an important first clue to disease detection.
University of Toronto
Scientists can tell by the presence of nucleosomes which genes are actively being converted into protein, and this information can function as an important first clue to disease detection.
University of Toronto
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Nucleosome: Eukaryote, Chromatin, Cell Nucleus, Chromosome, Base Pair, DNA by Lambert M. Surhone (Editor), Miriam T. Timpledon (Editor), Susan F. Marseken (Editor) High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! Nucleosomes form the fundamental repeating units of eukaryotic chromatin, which is used to pack the large eukaryotic genomes into the nucleus while still ensuring appropriate access to it (in mammalian cells approximately 2 m of linear DNA have to be packed into a nucleus of roughly 10 µm diameter). Nucleosomes are folded through a series of successively higher order structures to eventually form a chromosome; this both compacts DNA and creates an added layer of regulatory control which ensures correct gene expression. Nucleosomes are thought to carry epigenetically inherited information in the form of covalent modifications of their core histones. The nucleosome hypothesis proposed by Don and Ada Olins and Roger Kornberg in 1974, was a... |
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Base excision repair in nucleosomes lacking histone tails [An article from: DNA Repair] by B.C. Beard (Author), J.J. Stevenson (Author), S.H. Wilson (Author), Smerdon (Author) This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: Recently, we developed an in vitro system using human uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG), AP endonuclease (APE), DNA polymerase @b (pol @b) and rotationally positioned DNA containing a single uracil associated with a 'designed' nucleosome, to test short-patch base excision repair (BER) in chromatin. We found that UDG and APE carry out their catalytic activities with reduced efficiency on nucleosome substrates, showing a distinction between uracil facing 'out' or 'in' from the histone surface, while DNA polymerase @b (pol @b) is... |
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Repair of UV lesions in nucleosomes - intrinsic properties and remodeling [An article from: DNA Repair] by F. Thoma (Author) This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: Nucleotide excision repair and reversal of pyrimidine dimers by photolyase (photoreactivation) are two major pathways to remove UV-lesions from DNA. Here, it is discussed how lesions are recognized and removed when the DNA is condensed into nucleosomes. During the recent years it was shown that nucleosomes inhibit photolyase and excision repair in vitro and slow down repair in vivo. The correlation of DNA-repair rates with nucleosome positions in yeast suggests that intrinsic properties of nucleosomes such as mobility and... |
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