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New therapeutic options for diabetes-related tissue injury
July 07, 2008Toronto, ON, Canada - Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by altered glucose tolerance and impaired lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and is associated with a number of complications directly resulting from hyperglycemiainduced inflammation. Vascular changes in diabetes lead to increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke due to atherosclerosis, retinopathy, end-stage renal disease, debilitating neuropathies, poor wound healing, enhanced risk of infection, and periodontal disease. Studies of diabetic complications suggest that activation of the inflammatory response is mediated in large part by phagocytic cells, macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Both cell types assume an aggressive proinflammatory phenotype resulting from hyperglycemia.
Today, during the 86th General Session of the International Association for Dental Research, investigators from Boston University report results from a study demonstrating that omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are precursors to a powerful new genus of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution mediators, coined 'resolvins' and 'protectins'. These new local mediators counter-regulate pro-inflammatory signals and return tissues to homeostasis. These mediators reverse several of the proinflammatory functional responses of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages in vitro and prevent inflammation in a variety of animal models, and exhibit potential for new therapeutic options for resolving inflammation and tissue injury in diabetes.
International & American Association for Dental Research
Diabetes Current Events and Diabetes News RSSConverting adult somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells using a single virus
A Boston University School of Medicine-led research team has discovered a more efficient way to create induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells, derived from mouse fibroblasts, by using a single virus vector instead of multiple viruses in the reprogramming process.
Obesity: Reviving the promise of leptin
The discovery more than a decade ago of leptin, an appetite-suppressing hormone secreted by fat tissue, generated headlines and great hopes for an effective treatment for obesity.
Substance abuse adds millions to Medicaid's total health care costs
People with substance abuse disorders cost Medicaid hundreds of millions of dollars annually in medical care, suggesting that early interventions for substance abuse could not only improve outcomes but also save substantial amounts of money, according to a comprehensive study that examined records of nearly 150,000 people in six states.
Low-carb diets prove better at controlling type 2 diabetes
In a six-month comparison of low-carb diets, one that encourages eating carbohydrates with the lowest-possible rating on the glycemic index leads to greater improvement in blood sugar control, according to Duke University Medical Center researchers.
Understanding Extinct Microbes May Influence the State of Modern Human Health
The study of ancient microbes may not seem consequential, but such pioneering research at the University of Oklahoma has implications for the state of modern human health. Cecil Lewis, assistant professor in the Department of Anthropology, says results of this research raise questions about the microbes living on and within people.
Smokers with stroke in the family 6 times more likely to have stroke too
A new study shows that people who are smokers and have a family history of brain aneurysm appear to be significantly more likely to suffer a stroke from a brain aneurysm themselves.
Researchers engineer pancreatic cell transplants to evade immune response
In a finding that could significantly influence the way type 1 diabetes is treated, researchers at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University have developed a technique for transplanting insulin-producing pancreatic cells that causes only a minimal immune response in recipients.
Antioxidants offer pain relief in patients with chronic pancreatitis
Antioxidant supplementation was found to be effective in relieving pain and reducing levels of oxidative stress in patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP), reports a new study in Gastroenterology.
University of Maryland researchers identify common gene variant linked to high blood pressure
Researchers at the University of Maryland School of Medicine have identified a common gene variant that appears to influence people's risk of developing high blood pressure, according to the results of a study being published online Dec. 29, 2008 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS).
Researchers at Columbia University Medical Center link blood sugar to normal cognitive aging
Maintaining blood sugar levels, even in the absence of disease, may be an important strategy for preserving cognitive health, suggests a study published by researchers at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). The study appeared in the December issue of Annals of Neurology.
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