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Bovine tuberculosis in wildlife threatens endangered lynx and cattle health
July 23, 2008In an epidemiological survey of Spain's Doñana National Park, the findings of which are published on July 23 in the journal PLoS ONE, Christian Gortázar and colleagues studied the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (bovine TB) infection among populations of wild boar, red deer and fallow deer in the national park, which is located in southern Spain. The researchers suggest that the results can be used to investigate bovine TB transmission dynamics between and within each species and to extrapolate the implications for spill-over to domestic cattle and wildlife management policies.
The Doñana National Park is a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve where commercial hunting and artificial wildlife feeding do not take place and traditional cattle husbandry still exists. Deaths of the highly endangered Iberian lynx due to bovine TB have been recorded in this area, and annual cattle bovine TB reactor rates have increased despite compulsory testing and culling.
In this study, Christian Gortázar and colleagues analysed the European wild boar, the red deer and the fallow deer for bovine TB. The infection was confirmed in 52% of wild boar, 27% of red deer and 18% of fallow deer. The prevalence recorded in this study is among the highest reported in wildlife. Remarkably, this high prevalence occurs in the absence of artificial wildlife feeding, which suggests that a feeding ban alone would have a limited effect on the prevalence of bovine TB among the wildlife.
The results highlight the need to consider the potential effects on wildlife when controlling bovine TB in cattle and strongly suggest that bovine TB may have big effects on wild animal welfare and conservation.
Gortázar and colleagues make several recommendations, which may help to control the spread of the infection, all of which must be addressed in parallel with studies elucidating the ecological impact of bovine TB in Doñana National Park wildlife.
Firstly, the researchers propose the continuation of park-wide monitoring activities, with special emphasis on the cattle-free northern third of the park to better understand the disease dynamics and risks. Secondly, they recommend the implementation of ad hoc surveillance of the bovine TB infection in all the possible species which could play a role in TB epidemiology. The researchers also suggest that identifying and culling animals with advanced bovine TB could reduce the number of super-shedders and the availability of contagious carrion. Finally, the scientists note that the future evaluation of new vaccine candidates and the investigation on genetic markers for resistance to intracellular bacteria may also help to control the infection.
Public Library of Science
The results highlight the need to consider the potential effects on wildlife when controlling bovine TB in cattle and strongly suggest that bovine TB may have big effects on wild animal welfare and conservation.
Gortázar and colleagues make several recommendations, which may help to control the spread of the infection, all of which must be addressed in parallel with studies elucidating the ecological impact of bovine TB in Doñana National Park wildlife.
Firstly, the researchers propose the continuation of park-wide monitoring activities, with special emphasis on the cattle-free northern third of the park to better understand the disease dynamics and risks. Secondly, they recommend the implementation of ad hoc surveillance of the bovine TB infection in all the possible species which could play a role in TB epidemiology. The researchers also suggest that identifying and culling animals with advanced bovine TB could reduce the number of super-shedders and the availability of contagious carrion. Finally, the scientists note that the future evaluation of new vaccine candidates and the investigation on genetic markers for resistance to intracellular bacteria may also help to control the infection.
Public Library of Science
Scientists from Scotland to Sweden Arrive at NIMBioS to Study Bovine TB
In 2008, the U.S. Department of Agriculture spent $31 million to depopulate herds of cattle affected by bovine tuberculosis (TB), even though the risk of the disease has been significantly reduced in the U.S. over the past several decades.
'Deadly dozen' reports diseases worsened by climate change
Health experts from the Wildlife Conservation Society today released a report that lists 12 pathogens that could spread into new regions as a result of climate change, with potential impacts to both human and wildlife health and global economies.
Caught On Film - TB Risk Of Badgers Visiting Farm Buildings
Using camera surveillance and radio tracking equipment, scientists have provided potential evidence showing how badgers could pass on bovine tuberculosis to cattle in UK farms. In a paper published in a forthcoming Proceedings B, a Royal Society journal, researchers from the University of Sussex and the Central Science Laboratory have discovered that badgers regularly forage in farm premises such as cowsheds, feed sheds and cattle troughs, thereby making frequent contact with cattle, both directly and indirectly, in ways that could lead to tuberculosis transmission. The study suggests that one possible strategy to reduce the risk of infection would be to improve facilities for the storage
Researchers Find That Cattle Tuberculosis Remains in Fields For Up to 4 Months
Researchers from the University of Warwick's Department of Biological Sciences have found evidence that bovine tuberculosis remains in fields for up to 4 months. This means that long after an outbreak of bovine TB on a farm healthy cattle may still be exposed to the disease from pasture that had been used by infected cows any time in the previous 4 months. University of Warwick researchers Professor Elizabeth Wellington and Jamie Young tested soil samples that they had exposed to bovine TB. After regular tests over the course of a year they found evidence that live bacteria were still present in the soil up to four months after the soil was first exposed to infection. They also found traces
Cattle tuberculosis is on the increase
Foot and mouth may have masked the spread of another cattle killer Cattle being slaughtered. Restrictions on animal movements. Farmers facing ruin. It all sounds horribly familiar to anyone who has lived through Britain`s foot and mouth (FMD) epidemic. This time, though, the culprit is bovine tuberculosis. The disease is on the increase and FMD may have helped it to spread. In 2000, nearly 9000 cattle tested positive for TB and were slaughtered to control the disease. This pales in comparison with the 600,000 cattle destroyed during last year`s FMD crisis. But TB has been endemic in British herds for decades. It is a chronic problem for farme
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The Bovine Scourge: Meat, Tuberculosis and Public Health, 1850-1914 by Keir Waddington (Author) By the late 1890s, the question of bovine tuberculosis (TB) and infected meat had become one of national importance, reflecting a national sense of fear. Although the extent of the threat to health proved uncertain, bovine TB had come to stand at the centre of debates about diseased meat and public health. The anxiety it caused was part of a longer story, linked to concern over food safety, changes in how tuberculosis was understood, and to worries over diseased meat and the 'evils' of the urban meat trade. The Bovine Scourge explores the debates and fears that came to surround bovine TB, meat and public health between the 1860s and 1914. It traces how diseased meat and bovine TB emerged as a public health issue, examines the measures adopted to protect the public, and addresses how by... |
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Bovine tuberculosis in man by Charles Creighton (Author) Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: CHAPTER II. SUMMARY OF THE PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY OF TUBERCULOSIS IN THE BOVINE SPECIES. Bovine tuberculosis is a widely-spread disease among cows and oxen; accurate statistics are not generally procurable, and the estimates of its frequency vary within wide limits. One of the most precise statements that I have met with is that relating to the town of Augsburg;1 2'16 per cent, of all the oxen and cows slaughtered in the course of the year 1877 were affected with the disease, and among cows alone the percentage was 4'75. The larger number of animals affected were over six years of age, which accounts... |
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