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Exercise Pill is No Replacement for Exercise
August 06, 2008COLUMBIA, Mo. - Recently, researchers at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, a research organization focused on biology and its relation to health, published a study in the journal Cell on the results of a substance that increased exercise endurance without daily exertion when tested in mice. Media reports have described this substance as an "exercise pill," potentially eliminating the need for exercise. Frank Booth, a University of Missouri expert on the science of inactivity, says the "exercise pill" study did not test all of the commonly known benefits of exercise and taking the pill cannot be considered a replacement for exercise.
In the Cell paper "Exercise Mimetics" the researchers demonstrated that AMPK-PPARδ pathways, which is a cellular messenger system, can be targeted by orally active drugs to enhance training adaptation or even to increase endurance without exercise. However, Booth cautions that some of the commonly known benefits of exercise were not tested in the Cell paper including:
Decreased resting and submaximal exercise heart rate
Increased heart stroke volume at all exercise work loads
Increased maximal exercise cardiac output
Lower blood pressure and arterial stiffness
Increased aerobic capacity
A complete list of the 26 benefits not tested in the paper is included below.
The prevention of the increased risk of chronic disease produced by lifelong physical inactivity also was not tested in the Cell paper. According to Katzmarzyk & Janssen (Can J Appl Physiol 29:90, 2004), human physical activity decreases the risk of:
Coronary artery disease (decreases risk by 45 percent)
Stroke (decreases risk by 60 percent)
Hypertension (decreases risk by 30 percent)
Colon cancer (decreases risk by 41 percent)
Breast cancer (decreases risk by 30 percent)
Type 2 diabetes (decreases risk by 50 percent)
Osteoporosis (decreases risk by 59 percent)
Until targeting AMPK-PPARδ pathways by drugs is shown to have all the above listed exercise benefits in humans, it is premature to use the term "exercise mimetics" from the very limited observations of the Cell paper, Booth said. Booth's expectation, based upon his more than 40 years of research experience in exercise and physical inactivity adaptations, is that the drugs in the Cell paper will only partially imitate exercise. In order for any "exercise pill" to counter physical inactivity, the pill must be
polygenic, or control many genes at once; therefore the Cell drugs are not likely to provide all of the
benefits of comprehensive physical activity. In Booth's opinion, the drugs used in the Cell paper were not conclusively proven to mimic exercise, contrary to media reports.
Booth has more than 40 years of research experience in physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic adaptations that occur during exercise. He is a professor in the MU College of Veterinary Medicine and the MU School of Medicine and a research investigator in the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center. He is a member of the editorial boards of Journal of Applied Physiology, American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology, Physiological Genomics and CardioMetabolic Syndrome.
Commonly known benefits of exercise not tested in the Cell paper were:
Decreased resting and submaximal exercise heart rate
Increased heart stroke volume at all exercise work loads
Increased maximal exercise cardiac output
Lower blood pressure and arterial stiffness
Increased aerobic capacity
Increased strength and cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle
Delayed loss of muscle mass and strength with aging and physical frailty
Improved balance and coordination
Improved flexibility
Reduced osteoporosis
Reduced joint stress and back pain
Decreased gallstone disease
Improved endothelial function
Decreased incidence of myocardial ischemia
Less myocardial damage from ischemia
Decreased oxidative stress
Decreased inflammation
Improved immune function
Decreased liver steatosis and fatty liver disease
Improved insulin sensitivity and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
Less likelihood of depression, anxiety, stress and poor psychological well-being
Ameliorating hyperlipidemia: lower total cholesterol, higher HDL, and decreased blood triglycerides
Improved cognitive function in the elderly
Increased blood flow and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hypothalamus
Prevention of the loss of brain volume in the elderly
Delay in decline of physiological reserve in organ systems with aging
University of Missouri
Increased heart stroke volume at all exercise work loads
Increased maximal exercise cardiac output
Lower blood pressure and arterial stiffness
Increased aerobic capacity
A complete list of the 26 benefits not tested in the paper is included below.
The prevention of the increased risk of chronic disease produced by lifelong physical inactivity also was not tested in the Cell paper. According to Katzmarzyk & Janssen (Can J Appl Physiol 29:90, 2004), human physical activity decreases the risk of:
Coronary artery disease (decreases risk by 45 percent)
Stroke (decreases risk by 60 percent)
Hypertension (decreases risk by 30 percent)
Colon cancer (decreases risk by 41 percent)
Breast cancer (decreases risk by 30 percent)
Type 2 diabetes (decreases risk by 50 percent)
Osteoporosis (decreases risk by 59 percent)
Until targeting AMPK-PPARδ pathways by drugs is shown to have all the above listed exercise benefits in humans, it is premature to use the term "exercise mimetics" from the very limited observations of the Cell paper, Booth said. Booth's expectation, based upon his more than 40 years of research experience in exercise and physical inactivity adaptations, is that the drugs in the Cell paper will only partially imitate exercise. In order for any "exercise pill" to counter physical inactivity, the pill must be
polygenic, or control many genes at once; therefore the Cell drugs are not likely to provide all of the
benefits of comprehensive physical activity. In Booth's opinion, the drugs used in the Cell paper were not conclusively proven to mimic exercise, contrary to media reports.
Booth has more than 40 years of research experience in physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic adaptations that occur during exercise. He is a professor in the MU College of Veterinary Medicine and the MU School of Medicine and a research investigator in the Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center. He is a member of the editorial boards of Journal of Applied Physiology, American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology, Physiological Genomics and CardioMetabolic Syndrome.
Commonly known benefits of exercise not tested in the Cell paper were:
Decreased resting and submaximal exercise heart rate
Increased heart stroke volume at all exercise work loads
Increased maximal exercise cardiac output
Lower blood pressure and arterial stiffness
Increased aerobic capacity
Increased strength and cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle
Delayed loss of muscle mass and strength with aging and physical frailty
Improved balance and coordination
Improved flexibility
Reduced osteoporosis
Reduced joint stress and back pain
Decreased gallstone disease
Improved endothelial function
Decreased incidence of myocardial ischemia
Less myocardial damage from ischemia
Decreased oxidative stress
Decreased inflammation
Improved immune function
Decreased liver steatosis and fatty liver disease
Improved insulin sensitivity and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes
Less likelihood of depression, anxiety, stress and poor psychological well-being
Ameliorating hyperlipidemia: lower total cholesterol, higher HDL, and decreased blood triglycerides
Improved cognitive function in the elderly
Increased blood flow and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the hypothalamus
Prevention of the loss of brain volume in the elderly
Delay in decline of physiological reserve in organ systems with aging
University of Missouri
Exercise Current Events and Exercise News RSSPhysical education key to improving health in low-income adolescents
School-based physical education plays a key role in curbing obesity and improving fitness among adolescents from low-income communities, according to a new study led by researchers at the University of California, San Francisco and UC Berkeley.
Energy gap useful tool for successful weight loss maintenance strategy
Americans continue to get heavier. Most weight control methods short of bariatric surgery are generally considered ineffective in preventing obesity or reducing weight.
Discrimination takes its toll on Black women
Racial discrimination is a major threat to African American women's mental health. It undermines their view of themselves as masters of their own life circumstances and makes them less psychologically resilient and more prone to depression.
A decade later, lifestyle changes or metformin still lower type 2 diabetes risk
Intensive lifestyle changes aimed at modest weight loss reduced the rate of developing type 2 diabetes by 34 percent compared with placebo in people at high risk for the disease, researchers conclude based on 10 years of data.
Exercise Keeps Dangerous Visceral Fat Away a Year After Weight Loss, Finds UAB Study
A study conducted by exercise physiologists in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Department of Human Studies finds that as little as 80 minutes a week of aerobic or resistance training helps not only to prevent weight gain, but also to inhibit a regain of harmful visceral fat one year after weight loss.
Muscle weakness a common side effect of long stays in intensive care units
After decades of focusing on the management of respiratory failure, circulatory shock and severe infections that lead to extended stays in hospital intensive care units, critical care researchers are increasingly turning attention to what they believe is a treatable complication developed by many who spend days or weeks confined to an ICU bed: debilitating muscle weakness that can linger long after hospital discharge.
Web-based nutrition program reduces health care costs for employees with cardiac risk factors
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston University School of Public Health (BUSPH) have shown that an employer-sponsored, internet-based diet and exercise program shows promise as a low-cost benefit to lower healthcare costs for those at higher risk for above-average costs and healthcare utilization such as cardiac, hyperlipidemia, hypertension or diabetes patients. These findings appear in the current issue of the Journal of Medical Internet Research.
Exercise is good medicine for lymphoma patients
A healthy dose of exercise is good medicine, even for lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy, University of Alberta researchers have found.
Smoking gun: just 1 cigarette has harmful effect on the arteries of young healthy adults
Even one cigarette has serious adverse effects on young adults, according to research presented by Dr. Stella Daskalopoulou at the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress 2009, co-hosted by the Heart and Stroke Foundation and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society.
Puberty a gateway to heart disease for Canada's teens
A seven-year ongoing study examining over 20,000 Canadian grade 9 students shows most already have at least one major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, Dr. Brian McCrindle told the Canadian Cardiovascular Congress 2009, co-hosted by the Heart and Stroke Foundation and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society.
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