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Study shows how daughter is different from mother
August 19, 2008
EVANSTON, Ill. --- The mother-daughter relationship can be difficult to understand. Why are the two so different? Now a Northwestern University study shows how this happens. In yeast cells, that is. A research team has discovered a new mechanism for cell fate determination -- how one cell, the daughter, becomes dramatically different from the mother, even though they have the same genetic material. The study shows why mothers and daughters differ in how they express their genes.
The results of this research will be published in the Aug. 19 issue of the journal PLoS Biology.
By studying yeast, whose entire genome is known, scientists can learn the basics of cell division and apply that knowledge to the human system. Many of the fundamental mechanisms for cell division in yeast are conserved, or very similar, in mammals; many of the proteins involved in human disease are related to proteins that are involved in yeast cell division.
The new knowledge about cell fate determination could lead to a better understanding of healthy human cells, what goes awry in cancer cells and how human stem cells and germ cells work.
"Cancer may reflect a partial and aberrant loss of differentiated character, in which cells that were formerly specified to perform a specific task 'forget' that, and become more like the rapidly dividing stem cells from which they came," said Eric L. Weiss, assistant professor of biochemistry, molecular biology and cell biology in Northwestern's Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences. Weiss led the research team, which included scientists from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
"Understanding how differentiated states are specified might help us figure out how to remind cancer cells to go back to their original tasks or fates -- or, more likely, die."
When a yeast cell divides it produces a mother cell and a smaller, different daughter cell. The daughter cell is the one that actually performs the final act of separation, cutting its connection to the mother cell. And the daughter takes longer than the mother to begin the next cycle of division, since it needs time to grow up.
The key to the researchers' discovery of how this differentiation works is the gene regulator Ace2, a protein that directly turns genes on. The researchers found that the protein gets trapped in the nucleus of the daughter cell, turning on genes that make daughter different from mother.
The team is the first to show that the regulator is trapped because a signaling pathway (a protein kinase called Cbk1) turns on and blocks Ace2 from interacting with the cell's nuclear export machinery. Without this specific block, the machinery would move the regulator out of the nucleus, and the daughter cell would be more motherlike -- not as different.
"Daughter-cell gene expression is special, and now we know why," said Weiss.
The researchers also found that the differentiation of the mother cell and daughter cell -- this trapping of the regulator in the daughter nucleus -- occurs while the two cells are still connected.
Northwestern University
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Making Peace With Your Mom: Steps to a Healthier Mother-Daughter Relationship
by H. Norman Wright (Author), Sheryl Macauley (Author)
Now's the Time to Make a Change Your relationship with your mother can set the pattern for how you function in other relationships, and in the world. When you think about your mom's influence--even if she is no longer in your life--do you feel hurt, frustrated, angry? Through sound counseling and real-life stories, trusted counselor H. Norman Wright and his daughter, Sheryl, reveal why your mother-daughter relationship doesn't have to control your life or your future. They address the critical issues, including how to: Discover your mom's parenting style and its effect Rewrite memories and messages from the past Break old communication patterns Find forgiveness--for yourself and your mom Make progress even if she refuses to change ...
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Mama Drama: Making Peace with the One Woman Who Can Push Your Buttons, Make You Cry, and Drive You Crazy
by Denise McGregor (Author)
Guilt. Criticism. Control. Competition. Anger -Do these words reflect your relationship with your mother? -Can your mother make you feel guilty in thirty seconds or less? -Do you feel that whatever you do or say, you're still not good enough for her? -Does it feel like the woman who has known you the longest doesn't really know you at all? If so, you are most likely experiencing mama drama, the ongoing conflict with your mother that seems too complicated to fix. But Denise McGregor has solutions for turning a challenging relationship with Mother into one that is joyful, healthy, and loving. Written with humor and heart, Mama Drama will help you get past the blame and guilt, move on with your life, and redefine your relationship with the one person you thought...
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Making Peace With Your Mom: Steps to a Healthier Mother-Daughter Relationship
by Bethany House
Now's the Time to Make a Change Your relationship with your mother can set the pattern for how you function in other relationships, and in the world. When you think about your mom's influence--even if she is no longer in your life--do you feel hurt, frustrated, angry? Through sound counseling and real-life stories, trusted counselor H. Norman Wright and his daughter, Sheryl, reveal why your mother-daughter relationship doesn't have to control your life or your future. They address the critical issues, including how to: Discover your mom's parenting style and its effect Rewrite memories and messages from the past Break old communication patterns Find forgiveness--for yourself and your mom Make progress even if she refuses to change ...
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Daughters and Mothers: Making It Work
by Julie Firman (Author), Dorothy Firman (Author)
The mother/daughter relationship is one of the most intense relationships a woman will ever experience-it is strong and primary. This first and essential relationship has a powerful, though often subtle, effect on an adult woman's interactions with her mate, children, friends-and herself. Often, this crucial bond, which was initially based in love, turns into one of anger, guilt and resentment, the effects of which can permeate a woman's life; a burden from the past that is haunting, limiting and debilitating. In this profound book, coauthors Julie Firman and her daughter Dorothy Firman, both psychotherapists who specialize in mother/daughter workshops, help readers sift through old behavior patterns, feelings and thoughts to transform their relationships and, ultimately,...
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When You and Your Mother Can't Be Friends: Resolving the Most Complicated Relationship of Your Life
by Victoria Secunda (Author)
This, the first book ever to say that mother is not always a girl's best friend, is based on a landmark study of the mother-daughter relationships. Secunda offers breakthrough advice on understanding, and improving, what could be a woman's most critical relationship.
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Dr. Christiane Northrup's Mother-Daughter Wisdom
Directed By: Christiane Dr. Northrup
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Willow Tree Mother and Daughter Figurine 26021
by Demdaco
Willow Tree represents qualities and sentiments that help us feel close to others, heal wounds, or treasure relationships. Artist Susan Lordi's sculptures communicate elegance, simplicity, peace and serenity. Her hand-carved forms reveal their expressions through gestures only. . . a tilt of the head, placement of the hands, a turn of the body. "Emotions and feelings are left to the viewer to discern," says Susan, "which makes them very personal."
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The New Don't Blame Mother : Mending the Mother-Daughter Relationship
by Paula Caplan (Author)
In 1990, Paula Caplan, a nationally recognized expert on the psychology of women, wrote the groundbreaking Don't Blame Mother. Now, almost ten years later, she finds that we are still blaming mothers. Fully revised, updated with a new introduction, this second edition proposes new ways of mending the mother-daughter relationship. The New Don't Blame Mother: Mending the Mother-Daughter Relationship shows us that dangerous myths about mothers pervade our culture and have created or aggravated many of the problems between mothers and daughters. Myths of the "Perfect Mother" give rise to impossible expectations and set mothers up for failure--good mothers don't get angry, good mothers are endlessly giving--and myths of the "Bad Mother" exaggerate mothers' failings and create a monster...
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Mama, Do You Love Me?
Also With: Barbara Joosse (Primary Contributor)
Children and adults alike will enjoy this beautifully told fable about the power of a mother's love. Based on the award-winning children's book by Barbara M. Joosse, it tells the story of a young Inuit child, Nyla, who disobeys her mother and journeys from her Arctic village to an ice floe in search of her wayward puppy. She discovers that no matter how much trouble she gets into, her mother's love is unconditional and enduring. Kids will enjoy seeing details of Inuit life, learning about the beauty of the frozen Arctic, and watching colorful animals including whales, polar bears, wolves, puffins, and sled dogs. Its warm message, imaginative story, and original score make this tale well worth watching with young children. --Elisabeth Keating
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For Mothers of Difficult Daughters; How to Enrich and Repair the Relationship in Adulthood
by Charney Herst (Author), Lynette Padwa (Author)
The first mother-daughter book for mothers, featuring a new Afterword and a Reading Group Discussion Guide ¸ Do you long for a better relationship with your daughter? ¸ Do you occasionally feel as though you have failed as a mother? ¸ Do you blame yourself because your relationship with your daughter is strained, faltering, or nonexistent? ¸ Do you feel that the relationship is unchangeable and that there is no chance that it could become a nurturing and deeply satisfying friendship? Dr. Charney Herst knows that there is always more than one side to a story, and in her book, For Mothers of Difficult Daughters, she uses her twenty-five years of experience as...
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