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New evidence on addiction to medicines Diazepam has effect on nerve cells in the brain reward system
August 28, 2008Addictions to medicines and drugs are thought to develop over a relatively long period of time. The process involves both structural and functional changes in brain nerve cells that are still poorly understood. However, a single drug or alcohol dose is sufficient to generate an initial stage of addiction. Recent research conducted under the umbrella of the Academy of Finland Research Programme on Neuroscience (NEURO) has discovered the same phenomenon in the dosage of benzodiazepine diazepam.
Benzodiazepines are highly effective medicines that are widely used in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, pains, panic attacks and other symptoms. However, over time patients may develop an increased tolerance towards these medicines and an unhealthy dependence.
"Previously, addiction to benzodiazepines has been explained by reference to negative rather than positive reinforcement. In other words, the thinking has been that the reason people continue to use the medicine is that it helps to alleviate their distressing withdrawal symptoms and general discomfort, rather than because it provides a sense of reward," says Professor Esa Korpi, who has been in charge of the research project at the University of Helsinki.
However, according to the latest research it seems that diazepam causes a similar change in the brain's reward-inducing dopamine cells as a dose of alcohol, morphine, amphetamine or cocaine. Furthermore, neural message transmission in the dopamine cells is reinforced for up to 72 hours after ingestion of diazepam. "Our studies have shown that diazepam also affects the dopamine system, which adds a new positive reinforcement mechanism of reward learning to the theory of benzodiazepine addiction," Korpi explains.
Academy of Finland
However, according to the latest research it seems that diazepam causes a similar change in the brain's reward-inducing dopamine cells as a dose of alcohol, morphine, amphetamine or cocaine. Furthermore, neural message transmission in the dopamine cells is reinforced for up to 72 hours after ingestion of diazepam. "Our studies have shown that diazepam also affects the dopamine system, which adds a new positive reinforcement mechanism of reward learning to the theory of benzodiazepine addiction," Korpi explains.
Academy of Finland
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Diazepam: An entry from Thomson Gale's Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders by Brian, PhD Hoyle (Author) Targeted to patients, their families and allied health students, The “Gale Encyclopedia of Neurological Disorders” provides in-depth coverage of neurological diseases and disorders, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, Tourette Syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral palsy, vertigo, amnesia and epilepsy. Related topics include communication aids, electric personal assistive mobility devices, medications for treating neurological diseases and conditions, understanding the needs of Alzheimer patient caregivers and more. This two-volume set provides an alternative to resources that either fail to explore neurological disease in any depth and or do so at a level not appropriate for students and general readers. | |
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Tranquilizer Labels - Diazepam___mg/ml - Tranquilizer Labels - Labels - Medication Labels by Lab Products Tranquilizer Labels - DIAZEPAM___mg/mL - Tranquilizer Labels - Labels - Medication Labels : Color-coded by drug category. No minimum order required. Designed to include expiration date, expiration time, and initials of healthcare provider. Packaged on rolls for easy use and dispensing. New JCAHO-compliant format includes fields for expiration date and time to meet 2007 National Patient Safety Goal Requirement 3D-A3. New Skus: ML10231 VERSED___mg/mL ML10232 VERSED ML10233 MIDAZOLAM___mg/mL ML10234DIAZEPAM___mg/mL ML10235 LORAZEPAM___mg/mL ML10236 VALIUM___mg/mL Note: The old sku isML5760 |
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A cDNA encoding diazepam-binding inhibitor/acyl-CoA-binding protein in Helicoverpa armigera: Molecular characterization and expression analysis associated ... Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C] by M. Liu (Author), T.Y. Zhang (Author), W.H. Xu (Author) This digital document is a journal article from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: The diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) or the acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) is a 9-10 kDa highly conserved multifunctional protein that plays important roles in GABA"A receptor activity regulation, lipid absorption and steroidogenesis in various organisms. To study the functions of DBI/ACBP in insect development or diapause, we cloned the cDNA from Helicoverpa armigera (Har) utilizing rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). By homology search, Har-DBI/ACBP is conserved with the... |
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ODV NarcoPouch Valium/Diazepam Reagent, Pouch, 10/pk by ODV Features of the ODV NarcoPouch Valium/Diazepam Reagent: Presumptive test designed to identify the presence of Valium, Diazepam, Rohypnol (Roofies) and Ketamine. After breakage and agitation of the two ampoules, a pale Lavender color will develop in the presence of Valium, Diazepam and Rohypnol. A darker Lavender color will develop after the 2nd ampoule in the presence of Ketamine. |
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Analysis and quantitation of diazepam in cream biscuits by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and its confirmation by mass spectrometry [An article from: Analytica Chimica Acta] by P. Ghosh (Author), M.M. Krishna Reddy (Author), V.B. Ramteke (Author), Sashid (Author) This digital document is a journal article from Analytica Chimica Acta, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: An analytical methodology was developed for the detection and quantitation of diazepam in cream biscuits (food matrix constituting high amount of fat, proteins, carbohydrates and minerals) which are used for criminal motives. Extraction was by ethanol and subsequently by a mixture of methanol:acetonitrile:tetrahydrofuran:water (15:55:4:26v/v). The quantitation (medazepam as internal standard) was carried out by densitometric scanning of the chromatogram at a wavelength of 230nm. The limit of detection of... |
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