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What is the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by ethanol?
October 08, 2008They investigated the effects of ethanol on the IGF-I system with the involvement of JNK1/2 activity and ADH by using each chemical inhibitor in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. The results indicate that ethanol inducedp-JNK1/2 activation is associated with the IGF-I system and cell viability in hepatocytes. Furthermore, alcohol dehydrogenase is involved in the relationship between ethanol-induced inactivation of p-JNK1/2 and the changes of the IGF-I system and cell viability.
Body of text: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I is a peptide that plays an important role in regulating metabolism, growth, and differentiation. Although the relationships between ethanol-induced cellular action and apoptosis via MAPK including JNK1/2 activity have been reported previously, the secretory mechanism by which the IGF-I system (IGF-I secretion, IGF-I mRNA expression, and IGF-IR activity) remains to be elucidated in primary cultured hepatocytes.
A research article to be published on January 28, 2008 in the World Journal of Gastroenterology addresses this question. Using Radioimmunoassay, RT-PCR, MTT assay, and Westernblotting, the authors investigates the relationship of IGF-I system and JNK1/2 as well as ADH activity by adding specific JNK1/2 and ADH inhibitor during ethanol exposure.
Their main findings are: (1) ethanol transiently increased p-JNK1/2 activity at 60 min and then decreased it at 180 min. (2) ethanol-induced transient activation of p-JNK1/2 increased in the IGF-I system, but this decreased when p-JNK1/2 was inactivated. Furthermore, IGF-IR activity also regulates ethanol-induced secretion and synthesis of IGF. (3) Cell viability is decreased via ADH by ethanol. These findings might be helpful to understand the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by ethanol, and may lead to a rational therapeutic intervention against ethanol toxicity.
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Their main findings are: (1) ethanol transiently increased p-JNK1/2 activity at 60 min and then decreased it at 180 min. (2) ethanol-induced transient activation of p-JNK1/2 increased in the IGF-I system, but this decreased when p-JNK1/2 was inactivated. Furthermore, IGF-IR activity also regulates ethanol-induced secretion and synthesis of IGF. (3) Cell viability is decreased via ADH by ethanol. These findings might be helpful to understand the pathogenesis of liver damage induced by ethanol, and may lead to a rational therapeutic intervention against ethanol toxicity.
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Ethanol Current Events and Ethanol News RSSModified plants may yield more biofuel
Plants, genetically modified to ease the breaking down of their woody material, could be the key to a cheaper and greener way of making ethanol, according to researchers who add that the approach could also help turn agricultural waste into food for livestock.
Researchers push nature beyond its limits to create higher-density biofuels
For the first time, researchers at the UCLA Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science have successfully pushed nature beyond its limits by genetically modifying Escherichia coli, a bacterium often associated with food poisoning, to produce unusually long-chain alcohols essential in the creation of biofuels.
Researchers find nature's shut-off switch for cellulose production
Purdue University researchers found a mechanism that naturally shuts down cellulose production in plants, and learning how to keep that switch turned on may be key to enhancing biomass production for plant-based biofuels.
Purdue study suggests warmer temperatures could lead to a boom in corn pests
Climate change could provide the warmer weather pests prefer, leading to an increase in populations that feed on corn and other crops, according to a new study.
Waste coffee grounds offer new source of biodiesel fuel
Researchers in Nevada are reporting that waste coffee grounds can provide a cheap, abundant, and environmentally friendly source of biodiesel fuel for powering cars and trucks. Their study has been published online in the American Chemical Society's (ACS) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, a bi-weekly publication.
Wind, water and sun beat biofuels, nuclear and coal for clean energy, Stanford researcher says
The best ways to improve energy security, mitigate global warming and reduce the number of deaths caused by air pollution are blowing in the wind and rippling in the water, not growing on prairies or glowing inside nuclear power plants, says Mark Z. Jacobson, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford.
Metabolic reactions: Less is more in single-celled organisms
A Northwestern University study has found a surprising similarity among four quite different organisms. The simplest organism, a bacterium called H. pylori, uses the same number of biochemical reactions (around 300) as yeast, the largest, most complex organism of the group, when optimizing growth.
Managing Carbon Loss
As the United States continues to develop alternative energy methods and push towards energy independence, cellulosic-based ethanol has emerged as one of the most commercially viable technologies.
Replacing corn with perennial grasses improves carbon footprint of biofuels
Converting forests or fields to biofuel crops can increase or decrease greenhouse gas emissions, depending on where - and which - biofuel crops are used, University of Illinois researchers report this month.
Researchers identify how binge drinking may drive heart disease
As the holidays arrive, a group of researchers has identified the precise mechanisms by which binge drinking contributes to clogs in arteries that lead to heart attack and stroke, according to a study published today in the journal Atherosclerosis.
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