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Protein identified that turns off HIV-fighting T cells
November 10, 2008In HIV-infected patients the body's immune system is unable to fight off the virus. A new study to be published online on November 10th in the Journal of Experimental Medicine shows that T cells in HIV-infected individuals express a protein called TIM-3, which inactivates their virus killing capacity. Blocking this protein, the study suggests, might one day help patients to eliminate HIV as well as other chronic infections.
Large numbers of virus-fighting T cells can be found in the blood of most chronically infected HIV patients. However these cells eventually become exhausted and cannot function. To identify the cause of this exhaustion, a team of researchers at the University of Toronto, lead by Mario Ostrowski, compared blood from healthy individuals and HIV patients. In the patients, TIM-3 was found on a large number of HIV-specific T cells, and the number of TIM-3-positive cells increased with the severity of infection.
Under normal circumstances, exposing T cells to bits of virus causes the cells to replicate and produce virus-killing chemicals. Cells expressing TIM-3, however, were unreactive and TIM-3 was to blame; disrupting its signals restored the cells' virus-fighting functions. TIM-3 normally gets expressed on T cells after they carry out their normal function, perhaps as a way to turn the cells off and thus prevent excessive inflammation. But during HIV infection, persistent TIM-3 expression may help the virus avoid T cell attack.
Whether HIV infection itself induces or sustains TIM-3 is not known. Still, blocking the protein might be a useful way to control virus that persists despite antiretroviral therapy.
Rockefeller University Press
Whether HIV infection itself induces or sustains TIM-3 is not known. Still, blocking the protein might be a useful way to control virus that persists despite antiretroviral therapy.
Rockefeller University Press
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Researchers at Yale University have developed synthetic molecules capable of enhancing the body's immune response to HIV and HIV-infected cells, as well as to prostate cancer cells. Their findings, published online in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, could lead to novel therapeutic approaches for these diseases.
Scientists use world's fastest supercomputer to create the largest HIV evolutionary tree
Supporting Los Alamos National Laboratory's role in the international Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) consortium, researchers are using the Roadrunner supercomputer to analyze vast quantities of genetic sequences from HIV infected people in the hope of zeroing in on possible vaccine target areas.
Sperm may play leading role in spreading HIV
Sperm, and not just the fluid it bathes in, can transmit HIV to macrophages, T cells, and dendritic cells (DCs), report a team led by Ana Ceballos at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina.
Pitt researchers find candidates for new HIV drugs
While studying an HIV protein that plays an essential role in AIDS progression, researchers at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine have discovered compounds that show promise as novel treatments for the disease.
NIH launches 2009 H1N1 influenza vaccine trials in HIV-infected pregnant women
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Certain cancers more common among HIV patients than non-HIV patients
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Weighing costs, benefits of HIV treatments
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UAB Researchers Find TB-Prevention Therapy Is Cost-Effective Option
University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) researchers have found that the cost of preventive antibiotic tuberculosis (TB) therapy for patients infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is generally less expensive than the reported cost of treating newly confirmed TB cases.
Protein excreted in urine may be help in diagnosing kidney disease caused by HIV
New data collected at Columbia University Medical Center and by the Mount Sinai School of Medicine are helping researchers understand the extent to which a certain protein - NGAL - can play a significant role in marking chronic kidney disease resulting from HIV while at the same time distinguishing nephropathy from more common causes such as diabetes and hypertension.
Pre-chewed food could transmit HIV
Researchers have uncovered the first cases in which HIV almost certainly was transmitted from mothers or other caregivers to children through pre-chewed food.
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