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Intraspinal implant of mesenchymal stem cells may not heal the demyelinated spinal cord
November 13, 2008Multiple sclerosis is a disease caused by the loss of the myelinated sheath surrounding the nerve fibers of the spinal cord. Therapeutic hope for curing multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases has included the possibility that stem cell transplants could help remyelinate the spinal cord. Accordingly, researchers from the University of Cambridge (UK) conducted experiments using animal models to see if the direct implantation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (derived from a different rat's adult bone marrow, i.e. allogenic) into the demyelinated rat spinal cord would be therapeutic and remyelinate the damaged area.
"MSCs are attractive candidates for cell-based therapies because of their ease of isolation, expansion and potential for autologous application," said Dr. David Hunt, of the Centre for Brain Repair at the University of Cambridge. "A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that MSCs have differentiated into neuronal cells and Schwann cells as well as fat cells and bone cells. Our study showed that direct, intralesional injection of undifferentiated MSCs did not lead to remyelination. Once more, we found that the MSCs migrated into areas of normal tissue and were associated with axonal damage."
"Our results contrast with previously published reports that demonstrated robust Schwann cell remyelination after bone marrow stromal cell injection," reported Dr. Hunt. "An important difference in results may lie in the distinct methodologies used to culture MSCs."
Although MSCs may possess neural differentiation capabilities in vitro, their in vivo behavior is unpredictable, said Dr. Hunt and his co-authors. However, they agree that MSCs should still be considered a promising tool for treating neurological disorders because they have shown pre-clinical efficacy for treating stroke and MS when injected intravenously with the ability to migrate to areas of inflammation and tissue damage and appear to exert a tissue protective effect through a range of mechanisms including immune modulation.
"This work demonstrates how important the route of administration and the culture conditions are when considering the efficacy and safety of a stem cell therapy," said Dr. Paul Sanberg, Distinguished Professor at University of South Florida Health and coeditor-in-chief of Cell Transplantation.
Cell Transplantation Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair
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Adult stem cells resemble couch potatoes if they hang out and divide in a dish for too long. They get fat and lose key surface proteins, which interferes with their movement and reduces their therapeutic potential. Now, via a simple chemical procedure, researchers have found a way to get these cells off the couch and over to their therapeutic target.
Pittsburgh researchers identify source of multipotent stem cells with broad regenerative potential
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More Mesenchymal Stem Cells Current Events and Mesenchymal Stem Cells News Articles
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology) by Darwin J. Prockop (Editor), Donald G. Phinney (Editor), Bruce A. Bunnell (Editor) For over forty years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been scrutinized and studied, garnering much attention due to their broad therapeutic efficacy. In Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols, leaders in the field were assembled to contribute detailed methodologies for the isolation and characterization of human and rodent MSCs. Recently, these vital cells have shown therapeutic benefits in the treatment of myocardial infarction, stroke, lung diseases, spinal cord injury and other neurological disorders, thus promising a boundless future in their study. Cutting edge and easy to use, Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols is the perfect resource for scientists attempting to pursue this important and ever-developing field of research. |
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Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Jan A. Nolta (Editor) Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the potential to form bone, cartilage, tendon, fibroblast, fat, and muscle, and may have other very exciting potentials such as contributing to the repair of damaged heart and skeletal muscle, liver, pancreas, kidney, spinal cord, and even brain. MSC have been reported to initiate revascularization after injury, to facilitate engraftment of blood-forming stem cells, and to reduce the incidence of graft-vs. host disease through their immune-suppressive qualities. Finally, bone marrow-derived MSC have been reported to home to areas of solid tumor revascularization, and thus may be used as delivery vehicles to target ablative agents into dividing tumor cells. Recently the characteristics of human MSC from adipose (fat) tissue have also... |
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Resveratrol enhances proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells via ER-dependent ERK1/2 activation.(Report): An article ... Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology by Z. Dai (Author), Y. Li (Author), L.D. Quarles (Author), T. Song (Author), W. Pan (Author), H. Zhou (Author), Z. Xiao (Author) This digital document is an article from Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology, published by Thomson Gale on December 1, 2007. The length of the article is 5601 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Citation Details Title: Resveratrol enhances proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells via ER-dependent ERK1/2 activation.(Report) Author: Z. Dai Publication: Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology (Magazine/Journal) Date: December 1, 2007 Publisher: Thomson Gale Volume: 14 ... | |
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Engineering Bone and Cartilage-like Tissue Using Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Protein Scaffolds (Berichte Aus Der Medizin) by Lorenz Meinel (Author) |
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Heart: From Bench to Bedside (Advanced Topics in Science and Technology in China) by Xiaojie Xie (Editor), Jian-an Wang (Editor) Stem cell research has the potential to affect the lives of millions of people around the world. This research is now regularly front-page news, and realizing the promise of mesenchymal stem cells for yielding new medical therapies will require us to grapple with more than just scientific uncertainties. "Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Heart - From Bench to Bedside" presents the cytobiological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells from the isolation, culture, transmembrane ion currents, migration and differentiation in vitro to the repairing of injured myocardium and tissue reconstruction in vivo, including the results of basic research and the real possibility for treatments and ultimately for cures for cardiac diseases for which adequate therapies do not exist. The book is... |
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IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN UNSELECTED MESENCHYMAL-LIKE MYOCARDIAL CELLS: Stem Cells for Myocardial Regeneration by Federico Quaini (Author) The ideal candidate donor cell for myocardial reconstitution is an autologous cell that can be easily obtained and that, once placed into the myocardium, homes to the lesion, has a robust replication capacity with a low risk of neoplastic transformation, and differentiates into normal myocardium. Most adult mammalian tissues contain a population of multipotent undifferentiated cells with the characteristics of stem cells. These cells, under the appropriate conditions, are able to reconstitute all the cell types of the tissue of origin. Surprisingly, several of these putative stem cells exhibited an unsuspected degree of plasticity and were shown to be able to differentiate in cell types other than those in the tissue of origin. An effort has to be made to identify the best cellular target... |
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Stem Cell Technologies: Basics and Applications by Satish Totey (Author), Kaushik Deb (Author) Thorough coverage of the basics of stem cell technologies and applications Stem cell-based therapies, also known as cell replacement therapies or regenerative medicine, provide the means to cure a host of diseases and disorders. Featuring 28 contributions from prestigious global experts, this book details the basics of stem cell biology and explores therapeutic and medical treatments stem cells can offer. The book covers embryonic and adult stem cells and includes a 32-page color insert with 70 color figures. |
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Genetic Engineering of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Jan A. Nolta (Author) | |
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells : Methods and Protocols by Prockop Darwin J. Phinney Douglas G. Bunnell Bruce A. (Author) | |
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Protocols for Adult Stem Cells (Methods in Molecular Biology) by Irina M. Conboy (Editor), David V. Schaffer (Editor), Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff (Editor), Song Li (Editor) The study of adult stem cells has surged in recent years. Because they are responsible for the body’s natural ability to fight diseases, heal and recover, or fail and succumb to various maladies, it has become increasingly important to adapt or devise new methods to identify and obtain these cells in quantity and purity for further study. In Protocols for Adult Stem Cells, expert researchers present a variety of methods for studying five types of clinically-relevant mammalian stems cells: mammary, nerve, skeletal muscle, endothelial and mesenchymal. Culture techniques have been optimized for managing the growth and differentiation of stem cells in vitro; as some stem cells are pluripotent, often the method is to guide the fate of such cells among the possible differentiation fates.... |
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