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Victims of intimate partner violence display distinct patterns of facial injury
January 20, 2009Women who are victims of intimate partner violence tend to have different patterns of facial injury than women who experience facial trauma from other causes, according to a report in the January/February issue of Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery, one of the JAMA/Archives journals. This information, and other key characteristics such as a delay before visiting a health care facility, could help surgeons and other physicians recognize patients who are victims of this type of abuse.
Intimate partner violence-abuse by a spouse or significant other-affects approximately 25 percent to 33 percent of women in the United States, according to background information in the article. Between 88 percent and 94 percent of intimate partner violence victims seek medical attention for injuries to the head and neck, and 56 percent of those have facial fractures. "Because intimate partner violence accounts for 34 percent to 73 percent of facial injuries in women, facial plastic surgeons and other health care providers who treat patients with maxillofacial injuries are in a unique position to identify these victims and refer them to local domestic violence service programs for safety planning, information and referrals, support services and advocacy, depending on the victims' needs and choices," the authors write.
Oneida A. Arosarena, M.D., of the Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, and colleagues reviewed the medical and dental records of 326 women (average age 35 years) treated for facial trauma at one university medical center between 1998 and 2004. Of the 45 patients (13.8 percent) who were assault victims, 18 were documented victims of intimate partner violence, while 24 of the remaining 26 assault victims could not or did not identify their assailant. Other common causes of injury included motor vehicle crashes (139 patients, or 42.6 percent), falls (70 patients, or 21.5 percent) and unknown or undocumented causes (35 patients, or 10.7 percent).
Overall, assault was associated with mandible (jaw) fractures, zygomatic complex fractures (complicated breaks in the cheekbones), orbital blow-out fractures (cracks or breaks in bones surrounding the eye) and intracranial (brain) injury. "Specifically, higher than expected numbers of zygomatic complex fractures, orbital blow-out fractures and intracranial injuries were found in intimate partner violence victims," the authors write. "Victims assaulted by unknown or unidentified assailants were more likely to have mandible fractures than were other assault victims."
Results of the study indicate that about one in four women at risk for ongoing intimate partner violence was referred for protective service as required by state law and hospital policy. "Underreporting of intimate partner violence remains a hindrance to appropriate social intervention for many victims," the authors write. "While our study was limited to facial trauma victims, it demonstrates that universal screening and examination of the patterns of presentation, including patterns of injury, can assist medical professionals in identifying these patients and initiating appropriate medical and social intervention."
JAMA and Archives Journals
Overall, assault was associated with mandible (jaw) fractures, zygomatic complex fractures (complicated breaks in the cheekbones), orbital blow-out fractures (cracks or breaks in bones surrounding the eye) and intracranial (brain) injury. "Specifically, higher than expected numbers of zygomatic complex fractures, orbital blow-out fractures and intracranial injuries were found in intimate partner violence victims," the authors write. "Victims assaulted by unknown or unidentified assailants were more likely to have mandible fractures than were other assault victims."
Results of the study indicate that about one in four women at risk for ongoing intimate partner violence was referred for protective service as required by state law and hospital policy. "Underreporting of intimate partner violence remains a hindrance to appropriate social intervention for many victims," the authors write. "While our study was limited to facial trauma victims, it demonstrates that universal screening and examination of the patterns of presentation, including patterns of injury, can assist medical professionals in identifying these patients and initiating appropriate medical and social intervention."
JAMA and Archives Journals
Partner Violence Current Events and Partner Violence News RSSStudy finds partner abuse leads to wide range of health problems
Women abused by intimate partners suffer higher rates of a wide variety of doctor-diagnosed medical maladies compared to women who were never abused, according to a new study of more than 3,000 women.
People with parents who fight are more likely to have mental health problems in later life
People with parents who were violent to each other are more likely to have mental health problems when they grow up.
Exposure to family violence compromises physical and mental health of older women
Older African American women exposed to high levels of family violence during their lifetimes are at significantly greater risk of poor health status, according to a report in the current issue of Journal of Women's Health, a peer-reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Avoiding secondhand smoke during pregnancy
Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) commonly called secondhand smoke, can harm a developing fetus and may account for complications during pregnancy and birth.
Study looks at the lives of boys who commit dating violence
A new study sheds light on the lives of teenage boys who abuse their girlfriends. In their own words, the young men often describe facing challenges such as growing up with troubled family lives, having little or no support when they began to fail at school, and witnessing violence in their own homes and communities.
Women in India abused by husbands at far greater risk for HIV infection
India is home to the third-largest number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in the world and, as in the U.S. and many African nations, the rate of infection among women continues to rise faster than that among men.
Disclosing violence to primary care or obestetrics/gynecology physicians most beneficial
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston Medical Center (BMC) found that patients who disclose intimate partner violence (IPV) to their clinicians of any type did not experience serious harm.
Sexual violence study finds NY teens victimized at rate higher than national average
The New York City Alliance Against Sexual Assault, in collaboration with Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health's Center for Youth Violence Prevention, announced the results of a three-year, comprehensive research project on sexual and dating violence among New York City high school students, and the health impact of that violence on those victimized by it.
Victims of child maltreatment more likely to perpetrate youth violence, intimate partner violence
Some people are caught in a cycle of violence, perhaps beginning with their own abuse as a child and continuing into perpetration or victimization as an adult.
Teen girls report abusive boyfriends try to get them pregnant
Seven years ago, Elizabeth Miller was a volunteer physician in a community-based clinic in Boston, Mass., which offered confidential services to teens. She is still haunted by the memory of a 15-year old girl who asked her for a pregnancy test. It was negative, but two weeks later the girl was treated for a severe head injury in a nearby emergency room. The girl's boyfriend had pushed her down a flight of stairs.
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