What is potentially pathogenic role of anti-tTG IgA in the development of celiac disease?

February 23, 2009

The recent detection of antibodies in celiac patients specific for deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP), the product of tTG binding to gliadin peptides, provides an opportunity to address the correlation between the production of anti-tTG IgA and the antibodies against DGP in celiac patients

A research article to be published on February 21, 2009 in the World Journal of Gastroenterology addresses this question. The study group is led by Dr. Marietta, Rashtak, and Murray from the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN are of interest to the Celiac Disease community, since the data demonstrate that the serum level of anti-tTG IgA is significantly correlated with the serum level of anti-DGP of both the IgG and IgA isotypes in untreated patients. In contrast, only a weak correlation exists between the production of anti-tTG IgG and anti-DGP IgG/IgA. These data would indicate that the immune response by T and B cells to deamidated gliadin is fundamentally different from the immune response by T and B cells to tissue transglutaminase in celiac patients.

These data would also indicate, however, that the immune responses against deamidated gliadin and tTG are significantly correlated with each other, and thereby provide support for the hapten-carrier theory for the origin of anti-tTG IgA.

World Journal of Gastroenterology

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