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Active optical clock
April 13, 2009Institute of Quantum Electronics, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Peking University, has proposed the concept, principles and techniques of active optical clock. The study is reported in Issue 54 (February, 2009) of Chinese Science Bulletin because of its significant research value.
Up to date, all realize that optical clocks are based on the laser absorption spectroscopy. Thus the available laser with narrowest linewidth limits the linewidth of state-of-the-art optical clocks. However, experimental and theoretical results show that the thermal Johnson noise of cavity mirrors degrades the quantum limitation of Schawlow-Townes linewidth formula of good-cavity laser.
In this work, Prof. Chen proposed the concept, principles and techniques of active optical clock. This is the first extension of Hydrogen maser, which is the most stable atomic microwave clock and related to the Nobel Prize in Physics 1989, from microwave regime to optical regime.
The lasing behavior of active optical clock is a second-order phase transition. On the one hand, the collective emission of radiation from all gain atoms strongly narrows the linewidth of active optical clock described by the modified Schawlow-Townes linewidth formula. On the other hand, in an active optical clock, any shift and noise of the center frequency due to cavity will be reduced to a cavity pulling effect, which can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the general cavity noise.
"Active optical clocks provide several new possibilities of applications: (i) more stable optical clock than any current atomic clocks; (ii) sub-natural linewidth laser spectroscopy; (iii) long coherence time laser with linewidth at mHz level; (iv) Ramsey laser combining stimulated emission process and Ramsey separated oscillatory fields method." commented Prof. Yiqiu Wang, the co-author of the first book "The principles of quantum frequency standards" in the research field of quantum frequency standards. A series of papers about active optical clock written by Prof. Chen and colleagues have been published in Chin. Sci. Bull., Phys. Rev. A, etc. "It is a novel idea. The active optical clock enriched and expanded the optical clock research." said one reviewer.
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The author is affiliated at Institute of Quantum Electronics of Peking University. This institute has been conducting research in a variety of atomic clocks for four decades.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10874009) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB724500).
Reference:
Chen J. Active optical clock. Chin Sci Bull. 2009; 54(3): 348-352 http://219.238.6.200/article?code=982008-2451&jccode=98
Wang Y Q. Optical clock based on stimulated emission radiation. Chin Sci Bull. 2009; 54(3): 347-347 http://219.238.6.200/article?code=982008-2580&jccode=98
Yu D and Chen J. Laser theory with finite atom-field interacting time. Phys. Rev. A 2008; 78, 013846-1-013846-8 http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PLRAAN000078000001013846000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes
Science in China Press
The lasing behavior of active optical clock is a second-order phase transition. On the one hand, the collective emission of radiation from all gain atoms strongly narrows the linewidth of active optical clock described by the modified Schawlow-Townes linewidth formula. On the other hand, in an active optical clock, any shift and noise of the center frequency due to cavity will be reduced to a cavity pulling effect, which can be several orders of magnitude smaller than the general cavity noise.
"Active optical clocks provide several new possibilities of applications: (i) more stable optical clock than any current atomic clocks; (ii) sub-natural linewidth laser spectroscopy; (iii) long coherence time laser with linewidth at mHz level; (iv) Ramsey laser combining stimulated emission process and Ramsey separated oscillatory fields method." commented Prof. Yiqiu Wang, the co-author of the first book "The principles of quantum frequency standards" in the research field of quantum frequency standards. A series of papers about active optical clock written by Prof. Chen and colleagues have been published in Chin. Sci. Bull., Phys. Rev. A, etc. "It is a novel idea. The active optical clock enriched and expanded the optical clock research." said one reviewer.
###
The author is affiliated at Institute of Quantum Electronics of Peking University. This institute has been conducting research in a variety of atomic clocks for four decades.
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10874009) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2005CB724500).
Reference:
Chen J. Active optical clock. Chin Sci Bull. 2009; 54(3): 348-352 http://219.238.6.200/article?code=982008-2451&jccode=98
Wang Y Q. Optical clock based on stimulated emission radiation. Chin Sci Bull. 2009; 54(3): 347-347 http://219.238.6.200/article?code=982008-2580&jccode=98
Yu D and Chen J. Laser theory with finite atom-field interacting time. Phys. Rev. A 2008; 78, 013846-1-013846-8 http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=PLRAAN000078000001013846000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes
Science in China Press
Optical atomic clock becomes portable
You imagine a clock to be different - yet the optical table with its many complicated set-ups really is one. Optical clocks like the strontium clock in the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig could be the atomic clocks of the future; some of them though are already ten times more precise and stable than the best primary caesium atomic clocks.
Ytterbium gains ground in quest for next-generation atomic clocks
An experimental atomic clock based on ytterbium atoms is about four times more accurate than it was several years ago, giving it a precision comparable to that of the NIST-F1 cesium fountain clock, the nation's civilian time standard, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) report in Physical Review Letters.
Atomic fountain clocks are becoming still more stable
They are at present the most accurate clocks in the world: Caesium fountain clocks furnish the second accurate to 15 places after the decimal point. Until they reach this accuracy, caesium fountain clocks, however, need a certain measurement time.
Optical Atomic Clock: A long look at the captured atoms
Optical clocks might become the atomic clocks of the future. Their "pendulum", i.e. the regular oscillation process which each clock needs, is an oscillation in the range of the visible light.
Mercury atomic clock keeps time with record accuracy
An experimental atomic clock based on a single mercury atom is now at least five times more precise than the national standard clock based on a "fountain" of cesium atoms.
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