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miR-196a promotes the metastases of tumors
May 13, 2009MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules of 20-25 nucleotides length, regulating gene expression by inhibition of transcription or translation of proteins. High levels of miR-196a, a microRNA suppressing the expression of specific homebox genes that are of high relevance for the development of human embryo, activated oncogenic pathways inside human tumor cells and induced tumor cell dissemination. miR-196a increased the chemosensitivity towards platin derivatives such as cisplatin and oxaliplatin and might be a useful biomarker.
Analysing the microRNA expression pattern in pancreatic cancer by microRNA chip analyses, Carlo Croce found that 75% of tumours expressed miR-196a at a high level, predicting poor patient survival. Yekta and colleagues first described a miR-196a-directed cleavage of specific homebox genes (HoxB8, HoxC8, HoxD8 and HoxA7) in mouse embryos and mammalian cells. As a tumour-suppressive effect of HoxC8 has been previously discussed in humans, it has been hypothesized that miR-196a might promote tumour progression.
A research article to be published on May 7, 2009 in the World Journal of Gastroenterology addresses this question. In fact, Carl Schimanski and colleagues report that miR-196a supports tumour cell detachment and tumour cell dissemination in vitro via activation of the AKT pathway. In order to confirm these experiments, they performed animal studies with immune suppressed mice which received a tail vein injection of human tumour cells. Pretreatment of tumour cells with miR-196a lead to significantly more lung metastases in these animals. Therefore, the authors conclude that miR-196a does support the development of metastases by exerting a pro-oncogenic function. Noteworthy, several other microRNA have been described that exert pro-oncogenic funtions, such as miR-17-92 which is significantly increased in small-cell lung cancer and decreases survival by inhibition of tumour-suppressor genes PTEN and RB2. The exact mode of function of miR-196a still needs to be analysed.
World Journal of Gastroenterology
World Journal of Gastroenterology
Gene Expression Current Events and Gene Expression News RSSNew research into the mechanisms of gene regulation
A team led by Penn State's Ross Hardison, T. Ming Chu Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, has taken a large step toward unraveling how regulatory proteins control the production of gene products during development and growth.
The Protein Srebp2 Drives Cholesterol Formation in Prion-Infected Neuronal Cells Which May Promote Prion-Dependent Diseases
The regulating protein Srebp2 drives cholesterol formation, which prions need for their propagation, in prion-infected neuronal cells.
Study reveals why certain drug combinations backfire
Combination drug therapy has become a staple for treating many infections. For instance, doctors treat extensively drug resistant forms of tuberculosis with one drug that breaks down the pathogen's protective barriers and opens the door for another to deliver the deathblow.
Penn Study Provides First Clear Idea of How Rare Bone Disease Progresses
An international team of scientists, led by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, is taking the first step in developing a treatment for a rare genetic disorder called fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), in which the body's skeletal muscles and soft connective tissue turns to bone, immobilizing patients over a lifetime with a second skeleton.
Why can't chimps speak?
If humans are genetically related to chimps, why did our brains develop the innate ability for language and speech while theirs did not?
Treatment to improve degenerating muscle gains strength
A study appearing in Science Translational Medicine puts scientists one step closer to clinical trials to test a gene delivery strategy to improve muscle mass and function in patients with certain degenerative muscle disorders.
BUSM researchers show dieters can experience neurobiological similarities of drug addicts
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) have shown that intermittent access to foods rich in fat and sugar induces changes in the brain which are comparable to those observed in drug dependence.
FDA approved leukemia drugs shows promise in ovarian cancer cells
The drug Sprycel, approved for use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, significantly inhibited the growth and invasiveness of ovarian cancer cells and also promoted their death, a study by researchers with UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center found.
Deciphering the regulatory code
Embryonic development is like a well-organised building project, with the embryo's DNA serving as the blueprint from which all construction details are derived.
Experimental agent reduces breast cancer metastasis to bone
Researchers have reduced breast cancer metastasis to bone using an experimental agent to inhibit ROCK, a protein that was found to be over-expressed in metastatic breast cancer.
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