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Researchers find that eating high levels of fructose impairs memory in rats
July 17, 2009ATLANTA - Researchers at Georgia State University have found that diets high in fructose - a type of sugar found in most processed foods and beverages - impaired the spatial memory of adult rats.
Amy Ross, a graduate student in the lab of Marise Parent, associate professor at Georgia State's Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, fed a group of Sprague-Dawley rats a diet where fructose represented 60 percent of calories ingested during the day.
She placed the rats in a pool of water to test their ability to learn to find a submerged platform, which allowed them to get out of the water. She then returned them to the pool two days later with no platform present to see if the rats could remember to swim to the platform's location.
"What we discovered is that the fructose diet doesn't affect their ability to learn," Parent said. "But they can't seem to remember as well where the platform was when you take it away. They swam more randomly than rats fed a control diet."
Fructose, unlike another sugar, glucose, is processed almost solely by the liver, and produces an excessive amount of triglycerides - fat which get into the bloodstream. Triglycerides can interfere with insulin signaling in the brain, which plays a major role in brain cell survival and plasticity, or the ability for the brain to change based on new experiences.
Results were similar in adolescent rats, but it is unclear whether the effects of high fructose consumption are permanent, she said.
Parent's lab works with Timothy Bartness, Regents' Professor of Biology, and John Mielke of the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada to examine how diet influences brain function.
Although humans do not eat fructose in levels as high as rats in the experiments, the consumption of foods sweetened with fructose - which includes both common table sugar, fruit juice concentrates, as well as the much-maligned high fructose corn syrup - has been increasing steadily. High intake of fructose is associated with numerous health problems, including insulin insensitivity, type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease.
"The bottom line is that we were meant to have an apple a day as our source of fructose," Parent said. "And now, we have fructose in almost everything." Moderation is key, as well as exercise, she said.
Exercise is a next step in ongoing research, and Parent's team will investigate whether exercise might mitigate the memory effects of high fructose intake. Her lab is also researching whether the intake of fish oil can prevent the increase of triglycerides and memory deficits. Results from that research will be presented by her graduate student Emily Bruggeman at the 2009 Society for Neuroscience meeting in Chicago this fall.
Georgia State University
"What we discovered is that the fructose diet doesn't affect their ability to learn," Parent said. "But they can't seem to remember as well where the platform was when you take it away. They swam more randomly than rats fed a control diet."
Fructose, unlike another sugar, glucose, is processed almost solely by the liver, and produces an excessive amount of triglycerides - fat which get into the bloodstream. Triglycerides can interfere with insulin signaling in the brain, which plays a major role in brain cell survival and plasticity, or the ability for the brain to change based on new experiences.
Results were similar in adolescent rats, but it is unclear whether the effects of high fructose consumption are permanent, she said.
Parent's lab works with Timothy Bartness, Regents' Professor of Biology, and John Mielke of the University of Waterloo in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada to examine how diet influences brain function.
Although humans do not eat fructose in levels as high as rats in the experiments, the consumption of foods sweetened with fructose - which includes both common table sugar, fruit juice concentrates, as well as the much-maligned high fructose corn syrup - has been increasing steadily. High intake of fructose is associated with numerous health problems, including insulin insensitivity, type II diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease.
"The bottom line is that we were meant to have an apple a day as our source of fructose," Parent said. "And now, we have fructose in almost everything." Moderation is key, as well as exercise, she said.
Exercise is a next step in ongoing research, and Parent's team will investigate whether exercise might mitigate the memory effects of high fructose intake. Her lab is also researching whether the intake of fish oil can prevent the increase of triglycerides and memory deficits. Results from that research will be presented by her graduate student Emily Bruggeman at the 2009 Society for Neuroscience meeting in Chicago this fall.
Georgia State University
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Fifty-50 Granulated Fructose, 10-Ounce Units (Pack of 12) by Fifty-50 65% Lower blood sugar response than regular sugar. For use in a Low glycemic diet. How to Use Fructose: Use fructose in all your favorite recipes. It will not lose its sweetness when exposed to high temperatures and it provides the necessary bulk to give baked products the right texture. use about 1/3 less fructose than the usual amount of table sugar to achieve the same level of sweetness. For baking, lower the temperature slightly or reduce the baking time since browning is more rapid. For best results, cakes and cookies may require the same amount of fructose as table sugar. Exchange Information for People with Diabetes: One teaspoon equals a free food exchange. Calculations based on Exchange Lists for Meal Planning, Copyright 1995, American Diabetes Association, Inc., The American... |
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Fructose, 1 lb. by Barry Farm Made from corn syrup tastes twice as sweet as granulated sugar from cane or beets. Can use half as much for full sweet flavor, reducing calories. |
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Fructose, 5 lb. by Barry Farm Made from corn syrup tastes twice as sweet as granulated sugar from cane or beets. Can use half as much for full sweet flavor, reducing calories. |
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NOW Foods, Fructose Fruit Sugar - 3 lb by Now Foods Also known as "fruit sugar", fructose is roughly 50% sweeter than ordinary sugar, tastes wonderful, and does not raise blood sugar levels like table sugar. When taken in moderation, fructose can be taken by diabetics after first consulting with their physician. Serving Size: 1 tsp. Other Ingredients: Pure Fructose |
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Fructose Malabsorption: The Survival Guide (Volume 1) by Debra Ledford (Author), Bob Ledford (Author) Once a little-known diagnosis, Fructose Malabsorption (FM) is increasingly being identified as a principal source of digestive difficulties. Experts estimate FM to be the cause of 45-75% of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cases. Born of frustration created by the lack of available information about FM, the Ledfords have compiled the most comprehensive resource to date. After more than two years of extensive research, FMer's finally have purposeful guidance through the confusing array of contradictions which accompany FM. Packed with information, lists, recipes, support, and resources, this useful resource provides relief for perplexed suffers and encouragement toward a "normal" life. |
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Bob's Red Mill Sugar, Fructose, 32-Ounce Units (Pack of 4) by Bob's Red Mill All natural. Premium quality. Fructose is about 60% sweeter than conventional table sugar, so roughly half the amount is needed to achieve the same sweetening power. Our granular fructose is made by splitting corn sucrose into simple sugars, glucose and fructose, and then isolating and purifying the Fructose. It is best used in applications other than cooking and baking. Bob's Red Mill Sea Salt is made form purified Pacific sea water by an all natural evaporation process. It has a high sodium chloride content and contains all of the minerals that are usually refined out of ordinary earth salt. Sea Salt is excellent for both table and cooking use. Bob's Red Mill is the most unique flour mill in the Northwest. We use century old stone grinding equipment to freshly mill whole grain products.... |
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NOW Foods Fructose 100% Granules, 24 Ounce Bags (Pack of 12) by NOW Foods Fructose is commonly called "fruit sugar" because it is the main sugar in many fruits. However, fructose is now produced from corn syrup, which is derived from corn. Fructose is almost 50% sweeter than sucrose and requires about 2/3 the amount to get the same sweetness. This means fructose provides nearly 33% fewer calories per serving. |
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