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Scientists locate disease switches
July 17, 2009A team of scientists from the University of Copenhagen and the Max Planck Institute in Germany, using groundbreaking technology, has identified no less than 3,600 molecular switches in the human body.
These switches, which regulate protein functions, may prove to be a crucial factor in human ageing and the onset and treatment of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The results of the team's work have been published in the current edition of the journal Science.
New perspectives in the treatment of disease
The team, led by Professor Matthias Mann of Novo Nordisk Center for Protein Research at the University of Copenhagen and the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in Germany, have detected 3,600 acetylation switches in 1,750 different proteins.
"This is more than just a technological achievement, it has also expanded the number of known acetylation switches by a factor of six, and it gives us for the first time a comprehensive insight into this type of protein modification," says Professor Mann.
A given protein can perform more than one task, and how it behaves is regulated by adding a small molecule that acts as a 'switch' which can turn on the different tasks. Acetylation is essential for cells' ability to function normally. Defective protein regulation plays a role in ageing and the development of diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
"With the new mapping, we can now begin to study and describe how acetylation switches respond to medications that could repair the defects on them. It can have a major impact on medical care," says Professor Mann, adding that medications to repair the damaged protein regulation are already showing promising in the treatment of cancer.
Cooperating proteins
The team also discovered that acetylation modification occurs primarily on proteins that work together, and that these switches have much greater consequences for the organism's function than previously thought. In one example, the function of Cdc28, an important growth protein in yeast, can be disrupted by the addition of an acetylation button, ultimately affecting the organism's ability to survive.
The results of the team's research were published in the 17 July 2009 edition of Science.
University of Copenhagen
"This is more than just a technological achievement, it has also expanded the number of known acetylation switches by a factor of six, and it gives us for the first time a comprehensive insight into this type of protein modification," says Professor Mann.
A given protein can perform more than one task, and how it behaves is regulated by adding a small molecule that acts as a 'switch' which can turn on the different tasks. Acetylation is essential for cells' ability to function normally. Defective protein regulation plays a role in ageing and the development of diseases such as cancer, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's.
"With the new mapping, we can now begin to study and describe how acetylation switches respond to medications that could repair the defects on them. It can have a major impact on medical care," says Professor Mann, adding that medications to repair the damaged protein regulation are already showing promising in the treatment of cancer.
Cooperating proteins
The team also discovered that acetylation modification occurs primarily on proteins that work together, and that these switches have much greater consequences for the organism's function than previously thought. In one example, the function of Cdc28, an important growth protein in yeast, can be disrupted by the addition of an acetylation button, ultimately affecting the organism's ability to survive.
The results of the team's research were published in the 17 July 2009 edition of Science.
University of Copenhagen
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Reversible Protein Acetylation (Novartis Foundation Symposia) by Novartis Foundation (Author) A comprehensive review of recent work on chromatin and non-histone proteins, this book arises from the interactions of a multidisciplinary group of scientists involved in the study of acetylation. This area of research opens up new and exciting possibilities for drug design, and so the final chapters in the book examine some of the potential applications in the treatment of various diseases. |
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Histone acetylation, chromatin remodelling, transcription and nucleotide excision repair in S. cerevisiae: studies with two model genes [An article from: DNA Repair] by Y. Teng (Author), Y. Yu (Author), J.A. Ferreiro (Author), R. Waters (Author) This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in . The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: We describe the technology and two model systems in yeast designed to study nucleotide excision repair (NER) in relation to transcription and chromatin modifications. We employed the MFA2 and MET16 genes as models. How transcription-coupled (TCR) and global genome repair (GGR) operate at the transcriptionally active and/or repressed S. cerevisiae MFA2 locus, and how this relates to nucleosome positioning are considered. We discuss the role of the Gcn5p histone acetyltransferase, also associated with MFA2's transcriptional... |
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ISO 3794:1976, Essential oils (containing tertiary alcohols) -- Estimation of free alcohols content by determination of ester value after acetylation by ISO TC 54 (Author) The estimation is carried out by acetylation of the essential oil by acetyl chloride and acetic anhydride, in the presence of dimethylaniline. The acetylated oil is isolated and dried and the ester value is determined. The free alcohols content is calculated taking into account the ester values of the same but non-acetylated essential oil. This method is applicable to essential oils containing an appreciable proportion of tertiary alcohols, namely of linalol and terpineol. It is not applicable to essential oils containing appreciable proportions of phenols, anthranilates, lactones and aldehydes. This title may contain less than 24 pages of technical content. |
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ISO 1241:1996, Essential oils -- Determination of ester values, before and after acetylation, and evaluation of the contents of free and total alcohols by ISO TC 54 (Author) Describes a method to evaluate the contents of free alcohols and total alcohols in essential oils by determination of ester values before and after acetylation by acetic anhydride in the presence of sodium acetate. Replaces the first edition. This title may contain less than 24 pages of technical content. |
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Acetylation: Webster's Timeline History, 1919 - 2007 by Icon Group International (Author) Webster's bibliographic and event-based timelines are comprehensive in scope, covering virtually all topics, geographic locations and people. They do so from a linguistic point of view, and in the case of this book, the focus is on "Acetylation," including when used in literature (e.g. all authors that might have Acetylation in their name). As such, this book represents the largest compilation of timeline events associated with Acetylation when it is used in proper noun form. Webster's timelines cover bibliographic citations, patented inventions, as well as non-conventional and alternative meanings which capture ambiguities in usage. These furthermore cover all parts of speech (possessive, institutional usage, geographic usage) and contexts, including pop culture, the arts, social... |
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