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Smart jail cells could predict and prevent inmate violence

May 12, 2005

Holding cells fitted with specially-adapted sensors could provide early warnings if inmates become agitated or have a medical emergency, reports Marina Murphy in Chemistry & Industry magazine.

The sensors - developed by Finnish company Emfit - are fitted between the concrete floors of jail cells and linoleum floor covers. Prototypes are currently being tested in two Finnish police stations, and there are plans for a third trial in a psychiatric hospital.

The sensors monitor movements in the cells, as well as inmates' vital signs such as respiration and heart-rate. If the sensor alarms and the police station is empty, a neighbouring police station is alerted by GSM*.

According to Emfit CEO Heikki Raisanen, the technology could be invaluable in police stations that are particularly isolated, and in smaller stations that are not constantly manned.

"In small police stations there may not be enough officers to watch the cells all the time. Inmates who are drunk or on drugs can become agitated and do damage to themselves or others," he says.

Sponge-like film

The sensors are made of a nano-modified polymer film. A high-pressure gas expansion system is used to introduce microscopic bubbles into the film, which is then charged and fitted with electrodes. Changes in the film thickness, caused by footsteps or the force of a breath, produce an electrical charge that can be measured.

Cot deaths

The same technology is also being used to develop a cot that can keep a watchful eye on baby. In this case, a sensor is fitted to or under the mattress. Unlike sensors already on the market that can only sense a baby's weight, these sensors monitor breath and heartbeat.

If the sensor alarms, an embedded GSM phone could alert the carer.

Retired solicitor John Batt, who worked on the Sally Clark case, said that the role of baby monitors has been undervalued in medicine, and that these devices could save lives.

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