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Better measurement procedures mean safer workplaces

September 08, 2004

Isocyanates and amines are chemicals used in the production of polyurethane (PUR). PUR is one of the most common plastics, used in products like hard and soft foam (insulation, cushions, mattresses, sponges, etc.), glue, paint, and elastomers. Isocyanates can cause respiratory disorders, and today they are one of the most common causes of work-related asthma. Several amines are suspected carcinogens. Exposure occurs in: spray painting, welding lacquered plating (in car repair shops, for instance), gluing, insulation work (such as foam-filling of joints), and production of PUR plastics.

In her dissertation in analytic chemistry at Stockholm University in Sweden, Ãsa Marand presents a new methodology for metering isocyanates and amines:

- Improved methods are presented for isocyanates, and levels of down to one millionth of the allowable limit can be measured. Several new types of isocyanates have been shown to occur in workplaces, and according to a proposal methylisocyanate and isocyanic acid will now appear on the Swedish list of hygienic exposure limits. The method has been proposed as an international standard (ISO).

- Previous sampling methods have entailed the handling of chemicals and solvents, which has made the methods seem complicated. A more user-friendly "dry" sampling technique has now been put forward.

- Exposure to isocyanates and amines is not restricted to workplaces, but can also occur when people handle the finished plastic. A method is presented for determining amine content in foam rubber. In varying concentrations, aromatic amines have been found in mattresses, cushions, sponges, and bandages. Several companies have now established limits for consumer products.

- A new method for assessing exposure by analyzing blood or urine samples is presented. It is now possible to study exposure to more substances than was previously the case.

The new measurement methods provide enhanced knowledge about exposure. This knowledge can be used to put effective measures in place and thereby prevent disease.

VetenskapsrÃ�det (The Swedish Research Council)

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